Schroeder Kurtis L, Martin Frank N, de Cock Arthur W A M, Lévesque C André, Spies Christoffel F J, Okubara Patricia A, Paulitz Timothy C
Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.
USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA.
Plant Dis. 2013 Jan;97(1):4-20. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-03-12-0243-FE.
The genus Pythium is one of the most important groups of soilborne plant pathogens, present in almost every agricultural soil and attacking the roots of thousands of hosts, reducing crop yield and quality. Most species are generalists, necrotrophic pathogens that infect young juvenile tissue. In fact, Cook and Veseth have called Pythium the "common cold" of wheat, because of its chronic nature and ubiquitous distribution. Where Pythium spp. are the cause of seedling damping-off or emergence reduction, the causal agent can easily be identified based on symptoms and culturing. In more mature plants, however, infection by Pythium spp. is more difficult to diagnose, because of the nonspecific symptoms that could have abiotic causes such as nutrient deficiencies or be due to other root rotting pathogens. Molecular methods that can accurately identify and quantify this important group are needed for disease diagnosis and management recommendations and to better understand the epidemiology and ecology of this important group. The purpose of this article is to outline the current state-of-the-art in the detection and quantification of this important genus. In addition, we will introduce the reader to new changes in the taxonomy of this group.
腐霉属是最重要的土传植物病原菌群体之一，几乎存在于每一种农业土壤中，侵袭数千种寄主植物的根部，降低作物产量和品质。大多数种类是兼性坏死营养型病原菌，可感染幼嫩组织。事实上，库克和维塞思称腐霉为小麦的“普通感冒”，因其具有慢性特征且分布广泛。在腐霉属导致幼苗猝倒或出苗率降低的情况下，可根据症状和培养情况轻松鉴定出病原菌。然而，在更成熟的植株中，腐霉属的感染更难诊断，因为其非特异性症状可能由非生物因素如营养缺乏引起，也可能是由其他根腐病原菌导致。为了疾病诊断和管理建议，以及更好地了解这一重要病原菌群体的流行病学和生态学，需要能够准确鉴定和量化该群体的分子方法。本文的目的是概述该重要属的检测和量化的当前技术水平。此外，我们将向读者介绍该群体分类学的新变化。
