Baumgartner Kendra, Fujiyoshi Phillip T, Travadon Renaud, Castlebury Lisa A, Wilcox Wayne F, Rolshausen Philippe E
Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Davis, CA 95616.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis.
Plant Dis. 2013 Jul;97(7):912-920. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-04-12-0357-RE.
In eastern North America, Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, caused by Phomopsis viticola, is a foliar disease of grape but, in the Mediterranean climate of western North America, P. viticola is primarily associated with wood cankers, along with other Diaporthe spp. To determine the identity of wood-infecting Diaporthe spp. in eastern North America, 65 isolates were cultured from 190 wood-canker samples from 23 vineyards with a history of Phomopsis cane and leaf spot. Identification of 29 representative isolates was based initially on morphology, followed by phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region, elongation factor subunit 1-α, and actin in comparison with those of type specimens. Three species were identified: P. viticola, P. fukushii, and Diaporthe eres. Inoculations onto woody stems of potted Vitis labruscana 'Concord' and V. vinifera 'Chardonnay' showed that D. eres and P. fukushii were pathogenic (mean lesion lengths of 7.4 and 7.1 mm, respectively, compared with 3.5 mm for noninoculated controls) but significantly less so than wood-canker and leaf-spot isolates of P. viticola (13.5 mm). All three species infected pruning wounds of Concord and Chardonnay in the field. Our finding of pathogenic, wood-infecting Diaporthe spp. in all 23 vineyards suggests a frequent co-occurrence of the foliar symptoms of Phomopsis cane and leaf spot and wood cankers, although the latter are not always due to P. viticola.
在北美东部，由葡萄座腔菌（Phomopsis viticola）引起的葡萄座腔菌叶斑病是葡萄的一种叶部病害，但在北美西部的地中海气候区，葡萄座腔菌主要与木溃疡病相关，同时还与其他间座壳属（Diaporthe）物种有关。为了确定北美东部感染木材的间座壳属物种的身份，从23个有葡萄座腔菌叶斑病史的葡萄园的190个木溃疡样本中培养出65个分离株。对29个代表性分离株的鉴定最初基于形态学，随后对核糖体DNA内部转录间隔区、延伸因子亚基1-α和肌动蛋白的DNA序列进行系统发育分析，并与模式标本进行比较。鉴定出了三个物种：葡萄座腔菌、福库氏葡萄座腔菌（Phomopsis fukushii）和间座壳菌（Diaporthe eres）。对盆栽的美洲葡萄（Vitis labruscana）‘康科德’和欧亚葡萄（V. vinifera）‘霞多丽’的木质茎进行接种试验表明，间座壳菌和福库氏葡萄座腔菌具有致病性（平均病斑长度分别为7.4毫米和7.1毫米，相比之下未接种对照为3.5毫米），但致病性明显低于葡萄座腔菌的木溃疡和叶斑分离株（13.5毫米）。这三个物种在田间均感染了康科德和霞多丽的修剪伤口。我们在所有23个葡萄园中都发现了具有致病性、感染木材的间座壳属物种，这表明葡萄座腔菌叶斑病的叶部症状和木溃疡病经常同时出现，尽管后者并不总是由葡萄座腔菌引起的。
