Pirahanchi Yasaman, Bordoni Bruno
California Northstate College Medicine
Foundation Don Carlo Gnocchi IRCCS
Baroreceptors, a specialized type of mechanoreceptor, detect pressure and stretch within the blood vessels of the aortic arch and carotid sinus. These unique structures contribute to the regulation of mean arterial pressure by adjusting vascular tone and heart rate in response to physiological stimuli. Baroreceptor activity returns to baseline upon restoration of homeostatic arterial pressure. The receptors form part of the afferent system, transmitting pressure signals via the glossopharyngeal (cranial nerve IX) and vagus (cranial nerve X) nerves to central regulatory centers, specifically the nucleus tractus solitarius in the medulla, involved in blood pressure modulation (see . Neural Pathways of Baroreceptor Signaling). The physiological principles governing baroreceptor function are clinically relevant in the context of carotid massage, carotid occlusion, and the Cushing reflex.
压力感受器是一种特殊类型的机械感受器，可检测主动脉弓和颈动脉窦血管内的压力和牵张。这些独特的结构通过响应生理刺激调节血管张力和心率，有助于平均动脉压的调节。当动脉血压恢复稳态时，压力感受器活动恢复到基线水平。这些感受器构成传入系统的一部分，通过舌咽神经（第九对脑神经）和迷走神经（第十对脑神经）将压力信号传递至中枢调节中心，特别是参与血压调节的延髓孤束核（见压力感受器信号传导的神经通路）。在颈动脉按摩、颈动脉闭塞和库欣反射的背景下，支配压力感受器功能的生理原理具有临床相关性。
