Decompression Sickness

Decompression sickness (DCS) is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when dissolved gases (commonly nitrogen) form bubbles in the bloodstream and tissues. This condition predominantly affects individuals who experience rapid ambient pressure changes, such as scuba divers, high-altitude aviators, or individuals working in pressurized environments. Gases exist in equilibrium with their dissolved forms when the tissues are under pressure, such as during deep-sea diving. A rapid ambient pressure reduction causes dissolved gases to come out of solution and form bubbles within the body. The bubbles can obstruct the blood vessels, trigger inflammation, and damage tissues, resulting in the complications seen in DCS. DCS may be prevented by following safe diving practices, including appropriate ascent rates, adherence to decompression schedules, safety stops, and conservative dive planning. Treatment typically involves administering high-flow oxygen and, in more severe cases, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Early DCS recognition and intervention and good interprofessional coordination can enhance patient outcomes.