Antunes José Leopoldo Ferreira, Chiavegatto Filho Alexandre Dias Porto, Duarte Yeda Aparecida Oliveira, Lebrão Maria Lúcia
Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.
Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2019 Feb 4;21Suppl 02(Suppl 02):e180010. doi: 10.1590/1980-549720180010.supl.2.
To describe the prevalence of the self-rated poor and very poor health status among elderly people who were not in nursing homes and were living in São Paulo, Brazil, in 2010, and to identify whether the social inequalities previously reported for this condition persist.
We carried out a cross-sectional study, with a representative sample of 1,344 people aged 60 years or more living in the city, who participated in the SABE Study (Health, Well-Being, and Aging). We applied a questionnaire about sociodemographic characteristics, which included three questions on self-rated health status: a direct question about the current condition, a comparison with the condition of the other people of the same age, and a comparison with oneself a year before. The comparative analysis used Poisson regression models, reporting the prevalence ratio as a measure of association between variables.
Only 7.8% of the elderly individuals reported a negative self-rated health status in 2010, similar proportion to those that consider themselves to be in worse health condition than the other people of the same age (8.7%). However, the prevalence of elderly people that reported worsening in comparison with the previous year was higher, of 29.2%. Regardless of the question used, the prevalence of negative self-rated health was directly associated with worse indicators of income, educational status, and consumer classes. Significant differences between genders, age groups, and skin color categories were also observed.
Differences in the prevalence of self-rated negative health status continue to affect the sociodemographic groups. The knowledge already available about social inequalities in health did not eliminate or attenuate social injustice in this outcome.
描述2010年居住在巴西圣保罗、未入住养老院的老年人自评健康状况为差和非常差的患病率，并确定此前报道的这种情况的社会不平等现象是否依然存在。
我们开展了一项横断面研究，从居住在该市的1344名60岁及以上的人群中选取具有代表性的样本，这些人参与了SABE研究（健康、幸福与衰老）。我们应用了一份关于社会人口学特征的问卷，其中包括三个关于自评健康状况的问题：一个关于当前状况的直接问题、与同年龄段其他人状况的比较以及与自己一年前状况的比较。比较分析采用泊松回归模型，报告患病率比作为变量间关联的一种度量。
2010年，只有7.8%的老年人报告自评健康状况为负面，这一比例与那些认为自己健康状况比同年龄段其他人更差的人（8.7%）相近。然而，报告与上一年相比健康状况变差的老年人患病率更高，为29.2%。无论使用哪个问题，自评健康状况为负面的患病率都与收入、教育程度和消费阶层的较差指标直接相关。在性别、年龄组和肤色类别之间也观察到了显著差异。
自评负面健康状况患病率的差异继续影响着社会人口学群体。现有的关于健康方面社会不平等的知识并未消除或减轻这一结果中的社会不公。
