Nyczepir A P, Kluepfel D A, Waldrop V, Wechter W P
Research Plant Pathologist (Nematologist), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory, Byron, GA 31008.
Research Plant Pathologist, USDA-ARS, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, University of California, Davis 95616.
Plant Dis. 2012 Sep;96(9):1309-1314. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-05-11-0373-RE.
The effects of soil solarization, with and without a Pseudomonas spp. cocktail or wheat rotation as alternatives to chemical control of Mesocriconema xenoplax, were investigated from 2004 to 2011. Preplant solarization and soil fumigation (67% methyl bromide + 33% chloropicrin mixture; henceforth, referred to as MBr) was initiated in 2004 in an orchard infested with M. xenoplax and a history of peach tree short life (PTSL). Plots consisted of nine treatments: (i) nonsolarized soil-alone, (ii) nonsolarized soil with bacteria cocktail (nonsolar-bacteria), (iii) nonsolarized soil with wheat (nonsolar-wheat), (iv) nonsolarized soil with bacteria cocktail and wheat (nonsolar-bacteria-wheat), (v) solarized soil-alone, (vi) solarized soil with bacteria cocktail solar-bacteria), (vii) solarized soil with wheat (solar-wheat), (viii) solarized soil with bacteria cocktail and wheat (solar-bacteria-wheat), and (ix) preplant MBr fumigation. Peach trees were planted into all plots in 2005. Nematode populations were suppressed 20 months longer after orchard establishment in solar-alone and solar-wheat plots than solar-bacteria and solar-bacteria-wheat plots. Pseudomonas spp. cocktails did not have a pronounced effect in suppressing M. xenoplax in this study. Fumigation effect on M. xenoplax population density dissipated 24 months after application. Solar-wheat-treated soil was as effective as preplant MBr fumigation in increasing tree survival from PTSL for at least 6 years after orchard establishment.
2004年至2011年期间，研究了土壤太阳能消毒（有或没有假单胞菌属混合菌剂）以及小麦轮作作为化学防治异小杆线虫替代方法的效果。2004年，在一个受异小杆线虫侵染且有桃树短寿病史的果园中开始进行种植前太阳能消毒和土壤熏蒸（67%溴甲烷+33%氯化苦混合物；以下简称MBr）。试验小区包括九种处理：（i）未进行太阳能消毒的土壤（单独），（ii）未进行太阳能消毒的土壤添加细菌混合菌剂（未太阳能消毒-细菌），（iii）未进行太阳能消毒的土壤种植小麦（未太阳能消毒-小麦），（iv）未进行太阳能消毒的土壤添加细菌混合菌剂并种植小麦（未太阳能消毒-细菌-小麦），（v）进行太阳能消毒的土壤（单独），（vi）进行太阳能消毒的土壤添加细菌混合菌剂（太阳能消毒-细菌），（vii）进行太阳能消毒的土壤种植小麦（太阳能消毒-小麦），（viii）进行太阳能消毒的土壤添加细菌混合菌剂并种植小麦（太阳能消毒-细菌-小麦），以及（ix）种植前MBr熏蒸。2005年在所有试验小区种植桃树。果园建立后，单独太阳能消毒和太阳能消毒-小麦小区的线虫种群数量受到抑制的时间比太阳能消毒-细菌和太阳能消毒-细菌-小麦小区长20个月。在本研究中，假单胞菌属混合菌剂对抑制异小杆线虫没有显著效果。熏蒸对异小杆线虫种群密度的影响在施用后24个月消失。在果园建立后至少6年，太阳能消毒-小麦处理的土壤在提高桃树对桃树短寿病的存活率方面与种植前MBr熏蒸效果相同。
