Pinkerton J N, Ivors K L, Reeser P W, Bristow P R, Windom G E
USDA-ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330.
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331.
Plant Dis. 2002 Jun;86(6):645-651. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.6.645.
Root rot caused by Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae and P. fragariae var. rubi are major concerns in strawberry and raspberry production in the Pacific Northwest. Of lesser importance is black root rot of strawberry, caused by a complex of fungi and nematodes. Soil solarization was evaluated in 1997 in a strawberry planting and in 1998 in a raspberry planting for: (i) enhancing plant health and growth, and (ii) reducing population densities of root-destroying pathogens. Plots were solarized from mid-July to mid-September. Maximum and mean soil temperatures in solarized plots recorded at 10 cm depth were 48 and 33°C in the strawberry plots and 46 and 29°C in the raspberry plots. These temperatures were 7 to 17°C higher than temperatures recorded in nonsolarized plots. Soil collected after solarization was assayed by growing bait plants, cv. Totem strawberry or cv. Qualicum raspberry, at 15°C for 6 weeks in saturated soil to promote infections. Root health and plant growth were evaluated after 6 weeks. Solarization significantly reduced (P < 0.05) root necrosis and increased root weight of bait plants compared to plants grown in soil from nonsolarized plots. Infection of strawberry roots by P. fragariae, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and Cylindrocarpon spp. was reduced (P < 0.05) by solarization in sampled soil. Disease was reduced in cv. Hood strawberries and Qualicum and Skeena red raspberries planted in solarized field plots. In the second growing season, total number and number of healthy primocanes of Qualicum plants were greater (P < 0.05) in solarized plots compared to nonsolarized plots. Solarization combined with applications of mefenoxam was no more effective in controlling diseases than solarization alone, but better than mefenoxam alone. Skeena plants responded similarly, but the differences were not significant. Red raspberry plants growing in solarized soil yielded more fruit than plants growing in nonsolarized soil in the third year after solarization. Solarization has potential as a component in an integrated pest management program of root diseases in raspberry and strawberry production, particularly within the first 2 years following planting.
由草莓疫霉草莓变种和草莓疫霉悬钩子变种引起的根腐病是太平洋西北地区草莓和树莓生产中的主要问题。由多种真菌和线虫引起的草莓黑根腐病的重要性相对较低。1997年在一块草莓种植地以及1998年在一块树莓种植地对土壤太阳能消毒进行了评估，目的是：（i）增强植株健康和生长，以及（ii）降低破坏根系的病原体的种群密度。地块于7月中旬至9月中旬进行太阳能消毒。在10厘米深度记录的太阳能消毒地块的最高和平均土壤温度，草莓地块分别为48和33°C，树莓地块分别为46和29°C。这些温度比未进行太阳能消毒的地块记录的温度高7至17°C。太阳能消毒后收集的土壤通过种植诱饵植物进行检测，草莓品种为图腾草莓或树莓品种为夸利克姆树莓，在15°C的饱和土壤中培养6周以促进感染。6周后评估根系健康和植株生长情况。与在未进行太阳能消毒地块的土壤中生长的植物相比，太阳能消毒显著降低了（P < 0.05）诱饵植物的根坏死并增加了根重。在采样土壤中，太阳能消毒降低了（P < 0.05）草莓疫霉、腐霉、丝核菌和柱孢属对草莓根系的感染。在太阳能消毒的田间地块种植的胡德草莓品种以及夸利克姆和斯基纳红树莓品种的病害减轻。在第二个生长季节，与未进行太阳能消毒的地块相比，夸利克姆植株在太阳能消毒地块的健壮大蘖总数和数量更多（P < 0.05）。太阳能消毒与甲霜灵的应用相结合在控制病害方面并不比单独进行太阳能消毒更有效，但比单独使用甲霜灵更好。斯基纳植株的反应类似，但差异不显著。在太阳能消毒后的第三年，在太阳能消毒土壤中生长的红树莓植株比在未进行太阳能消毒土壤中生长的植株产量更高。太阳能消毒作为树莓和草莓生产中根病综合虫害管理计划的一个组成部分具有潜力，尤其是在种植后的头两年内。
