Malihipour Ali, Gilbert Jeannie, Piercey-Normore Michele, Cloutier Sylvie
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
Plant Dis. 2012 Jul;96(7):1016-1025. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-10-11-0866-RE.
Certain Fusarium species cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and other small grains. Differences in characteristics of the pathogen species/isolates used in breeding programs may affect reaction of host genotypes, leading to erroneous results. To clarify differences among Fusarium isolates from different geographical zones, the phylogenetic, chemotypic, and pathogenic abilities of 58 isolates collected from three wheat-producing countries (Canada, Mexico, and Iran) were investigated. Phylogenetic relationships among the isolates were characterized using the Tri101 gene sequence. All Canadian and Iranian isolates clustered in one group and were identified as F. graminearum lineage 7 (=F. graminearum sensu stricto) within the F. graminearum (Fg) clade. The isolates from Mexico were identified as either F. graminearum lineage 3 (=Fusarium boothii) within the Fg clade or Fusarium crookwellense. A polymerase chain reaction assay based on the Tri12 gene identified three trichothecene chemotypes of 15-ADON, 3- ADON, and NIV, with 15-ADON being the most common. All F. boothii isolates from Mexico were of the 15-ADON chemotype, while all F. crookwellense isolates were determined to be NIV producers. While we did not find the NIV chemotype among the Canadian isolates, 25.6% of the Iranian isolates were determined to be NIV producers. High level of variation in aggressiveness was also observed among and within the species tested: F. graminearum sensu stricto isolates were the most aggressive, followed by those of F. boothii, and lastly by F. crookwellense. The differences observed among the isolates may explain why wheat lines/cultivars demonstrate different reactions to FHB in different geographical zones.
某些镰刀菌物种会导致小麦和其他小粒谷物发生镰刀菌穗腐病（FHB）。育种计划中使用的病原菌物种/分离株的特性差异可能会影响宿主基因型的反应，从而导致错误的结果。为了阐明来自不同地理区域的镰刀菌分离株之间的差异，对从三个小麦生产国（加拿大、墨西哥和伊朗）收集的58个分离株的系统发育、化学型和致病能力进行了研究。使用Tri101基因序列对分离株之间的系统发育关系进行了表征。所有加拿大和伊朗的分离株聚为一组，在禾谷镰刀菌（Fg）进化枝中被鉴定为禾谷镰刀菌谱系7（=狭义禾谷镰刀菌）。来自墨西哥的分离株被鉴定为Fg进化枝内的禾谷镰刀菌谱系3（=布氏镰刀菌）或克鲁克韦尔镰刀菌。基于Tri12基因的聚合酶链反应分析确定了三种单端孢霉烯化学型，即15-ADON、3-ADON和NIV，其中15-ADON最为常见。来自墨西哥的所有布氏镰刀菌分离株均为15-ADON化学型，而所有克鲁克韦尔镰刀菌分离株均被确定为NIV产生菌。虽然在加拿大分离株中未发现NIV化学型，但25.6%的伊朗分离株被确定为NIV产生菌。在所测试的物种之间和物种内部也观察到了侵袭力的高度差异：狭义禾谷镰刀菌分离株的侵袭力最强，其次是布氏镰刀菌，最后是克鲁克韦尔镰刀菌。分离株之间观察到的差异可能解释了为什么小麦品系/品种在不同地理区域对FHB表现出不同的反应。
