Genetics, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan;
Crop Evolution, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 657-8501 Kobe, Japan.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Feb 19;116(8):3082-3090. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1817037116. Epub 2019 Feb 6.
The term "plasmon" is used to indicate the whole cytoplasmic genetic system, whereas "genome" refers to the whole nuclear genetic system. Although maternal inheritance of the plasmon is well documented in angiosperms, its genetic autonomy from the coexisting nuclear genome still awaits critical examination. We tested this autonomy in two related studies: One was to determine the persistence of the genetic effect of the plasmon of (genome CC) on the phenotype of common wheat, strain "Tve" (genome AABBDD), during 63 y (one generation per year) of repeated backcrosses of and its offspring with pollen of the same Tve wheat, and the second was to reconstruct an strain from the genome of this strain and its plasmon that had been resident in Tve wheat for 50 generations, and to compare the phenotypic and organellar DNA characteristics between the native and reconstructed strains. Results indicated no change in the effect of plasmon on Tve wheat during its stay in wheat for more than half a century, and no difference between the native and reconstructed strains in their phenotype and simple sequence repeats in their organellar DNAs, thus demonstrating the prolonged genetic autonomy of the plasmon from the coexisting genomes of wheat and several other species that were used in the reconstruction of The relationship between the proven genetic autonomy of the plasmon under changing nuclear conditions and its diversification during evolution of the - complex is discussed.
“质体”一词用于表示整个细胞质遗传系统，而“基因组”则指整个核遗传系统。尽管质体的母系遗传在被子植物中已有充分的记载，但它与共存的核基因组的遗传自主性仍有待于批判性的检验。我们在两项相关的研究中检验了这种自主性：一是确定在与花粉的 63 年（每年一代）回交中， （基因组 CC）的质体对普通小麦 （基因组 AABBDD）表型的遗传效应的持续性， 是“Tve”小麦，二是从该小麦及其质体的基因组中重建一个 菌株，并将其质体驻留在 Tve 小麦中 50 代，然后比较原生和重建的 菌株之间的表型和细胞器 DNA 特征。结果表明，在超过半个世纪的时间里，质体对 Tve 小麦的影响没有变化，而且原生和重建的 菌株在表型和细胞器 DNA 中的简单重复序列方面没有差异，因此证明了质体在小麦和其他几种用于重建 过程中的共存基因组中的遗传自主性可以长期保持。讨论了在不断变化的核条件下质体已证明的遗传自主性与其在 复合体进化过程中的多样化之间的关系。
