Mirzaei Sahar, Hashemi Hassan, Hoseini Mohammad
1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
2Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2018 Aug 13;16(2):229-237. doi: 10.1007/s40201-018-0310-x. eCollection 2018 Dec.
The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of trace elements in wet atmospheric precipitation samples collected at six stations in Shiraz, southwest of Iran and identify their possible sources. In this study, 36 rainwater samples were collected from five urban stations and one suburban station during the rainy season spanning 2016 to 2017. Samples were analyzed for 19 trace elements using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax-normalized rotation was used to identify potential sources of the elements measured in the wet atmospheric precipitation. Crustal enrichment factors (EFs) were also calculated, using Al as the reference element, to determine possible effects of human activities on element levels. Results showed that Al, with a mean concentration of 429.6 μg/l, had the highest measured concentration. The average concentrations of Fe, Zn, Mn, Ba, Cu, Pb and Ni were 305.7, 62.8, 23.9, 21.1, 14.4, 10.3 and 4.1 μg/l, respectively. The pH of the analyzed samples ranged from 4.5 to 6.9, with an average of 3.5. EF analyses showed that samples were not enriched with Fe, Ba, Li, Co, Cr or Mn but were fairly to extremely enriched with Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni. PCA resulted in four factors with eigenvalues greater than unity, which explained 78.8% of total variance.
本研究旨在调查在伊朗西南部设拉子的六个站点采集的湿大气降水样本中的微量元素浓度，并确定其可能来源。在本研究中，于2016年至2017年雨季期间从五个城市站点和一个郊区站点采集了36个雨水样本。使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）对样本中的19种微量元素进行了分析。采用具有方差最大化归一化旋转的主成分分析（PCA）来确定湿大气降水中所测元素的潜在来源。还以铝作为参考元素计算了地壳富集因子（EFs），以确定人类活动对元素水平的可能影响。结果表明，平均浓度为429.6μg/l的铝具有最高的实测浓度。铁、锌、锰、钡、铜、铅和镍的平均浓度分别为305.7、62.8、23.9、21.1、14.4、10.3和4.1μg/l。分析样本的pH值范围为4.5至6.9，平均为3.5。EF分析表明，样本中铁、钡、锂、钴、铬或锰未富集，但锌、铜、铅和镍有一定程度至极度富集。PCA产生了四个特征值大于1的因子，解释了总方差的78.8%。
