Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), CONICET; y Departamento de Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Mar;103(6):2571-2582. doi: 10.1007/s00253-019-09658-6. Epub 2019 Feb 7.
Phospholipids play a central role in all living organisms. Phospholipases, the enzymes aimed at modifying phospholipids, are consequently widespread in nature and play diverse roles, from lipid metabolism and cellular signaling in eukaryotes to virulence and nutrient acquisition in microbes. Phospholipases catalyze the hydrolysis of one or more ester or phosphodiester bonds of glycerophospholipids. The use of phospholipases with industrial purposes has constantly increased over the last 30 years. This demand is rapidly growing given the ongoing improvements in protein engineering and the reduction of enzymes manufacturing costs, making them suitable for industrial use. Here, a general overview of phopholipases A, B, C, and D and their industrial application is presented along with potential new uses for these enzymes. We draw attention to commercial phospholipases used to improve the emulsifying properties of products in the baking, egg, and dairy industries. On the other hand, the improvement of oil degumming by phospholipases is thoroughly analyzed. Moreover, recent developments in enzymatic biodiesel production and the use of phospholipases for the synthesis of phospholipids with pharmaceutical or nutritional value are reviewed.
磷脂在所有生物体中都起着核心作用。磷脂酶是旨在修饰磷脂的酶，因此在自然界中广泛存在，发挥着多种作用，从真核生物的脂质代谢和细胞信号转导到微生物的毒力和营养物质获取。磷脂酶催化甘油磷脂的一个或多个酯或磷酸二酯键的水解。过去 30 年来，出于对工业用途的需求，人们不断增加对磷脂酶的使用。鉴于蛋白质工程的持续改进和降低酶的制造成本，使得它们适合工业用途，这种需求正在迅速增长。本文对磷脂酶 A、B、C 和 D 及其工业应用进行了概述，并介绍了这些酶的潜在新用途。我们注意到了商业上用于改善烘焙、蛋品和乳制品行业产品乳化性能的磷脂酶。另一方面，我们深入分析了磷脂酶对油脱胶的改进。此外，还综述了近年来在酶法生物柴油生产以及利用磷脂酶合成具有药用或营养价值的磷脂方面的最新进展。
