Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2019 Aug;92(6):795-811. doi: 10.1007/s00420-019-01414-7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.
Common mental disorders (CMDs) are becoming increasingly relevant in the working world. Numbers of risk factors have been confirmed by mostly correlative cross-sectional studies. Comprehensive and effective prevention is urgently needed. There is little knowledge about employees' own perceptions on causes of CMDs and prevention measures. Therefore, a survey was conducted in 2016.
A standardised instrument was developed for an online survey in a commercial access panel, targeted employees in different job types. We assessed two outcomes: perceived relevance of (1) work-related demands to the development of CMDs, and (2) prevention approaches in the workplace and on individual and societal levels. Possible predictive aspects were analysed exploratively by multivariate linear regression analysis.
The response rate was 75% (n = 610). Job types were categorised as "blue", "grey" and "white-collar" workers (n = 193, 169, 248). The majority of respondents rated both outcomes consistently as "quite" or "very relevant"; societal prevention strategies were more relevant for non-white-collar workers. Perceived relevance of individual predisposition to develop a CMD was the strongest predictor for both outcomes, indicating the perception that people with higher personal vulnerability might suffer a higher strain from work-related risk factors than others.
We assume that participants in our survey judged the relevance of work-related causes of CMDs independently of their own workload. The perceived relevance of prevention measures in different areas is consistent with official guidelines. A possible selection bias due to characteristics of access panel collectives and own direct or indirect experiences with CMD should be critically questioned.
常见精神障碍（CMD）在工作场所变得越来越重要。大多数相关的横断面研究已经证实了许多危险因素。迫切需要全面有效的预防措施。对于员工自身对 CMD 病因和预防措施的看法知之甚少。因此，我们在 2016 年进行了一项调查。
使用标准化工具在商业准入小组中进行在线调查，调查对象为不同工作类型的员工。我们评估了两个结果：（1）工作相关需求对 CMD 发展的感知相关性，（2）工作场所及个人和社会层面的预防措施。通过多元线性回归分析对可能的预测因素进行了探索性分析。
应答率为 75%（n=610）。工作类型分为“蓝领”、“灰领”和“白领”工人（n=193、169、248）。大多数受访者一致认为这两个结果都“相当”或“非常相关”；社会预防策略对非白领工人更为相关。个人易患 CMD 的感知易感性是两个结果的最强预测因素，这表明人们认为个人脆弱性较高的人可能比其他人更容易受到与工作相关的风险因素的影响。
我们假设，参与我们调查的参与者独立于自己的工作量来判断 CMD 相关工作原因的相关性。不同领域预防措施的感知相关性与官方指南一致。应批判性地质疑由于准入小组特征和自身直接或间接 CMD 经验而产生的可能选择偏差。
