Department of Applied Psychology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 2019 Jun;63(3-4):253-269. doi: 10.1002/ajcp.12306. Epub 2019 Feb 6.
Public concerns regarding school safety and zero-tolerance education policies have contributed to the growth of a workforce of school police, or frontline school safety professionals who are typically placed in schools with the authority to arrest students (Brown, 2006). Thus, school police represent a workforce positioned at the nexus of multiple systems, including education and juvenile justice, and whose work likely brings them into contact with underserved youth and families. Despite national representation of this growing workforce (e.g., National Association of School Resource Officers), little is known about the responsibilities, roles, training, and influence of school police. This manuscript aims to (a) advance understanding of the school police workforce, including in relation to school police training, needs, roles, and influence, through a systematic review of scholarship in the social sciences, with a focus on peer-reviewed research in education, psychology, social work, criminology, and juvenile justice; and (b) generate empirically supported recommendations integrating key conclusions that pertain specifically to targeting the challenges faced by the school police workforce and identifying the best strategies to enhance safety-related goals while mitigating disproportionate legal and educational consequences for underserved youth and families.
公众对学校安全和零容忍教育政策的关注促使学校警察（或一线学校安全专业人员）的队伍不断壮大，这些人员通常被部署在有权力逮捕学生的学校（Brown，2006）。因此，学校警察代表了一个处于多个系统交叉点的劳动力群体，包括教育和少年司法系统，他们的工作可能使他们接触到服务不足的青年和家庭。尽管全国都有这支不断壮大的劳动力队伍（例如，全国学校资源官员协会），但人们对学校警察的职责、角色、培训和影响知之甚少。本文旨在（a）通过对社会科学领域的学术研究进行系统回顾，重点关注教育、心理学、社会工作、犯罪学和少年司法领域的同行评议研究，来深入了解学校警察劳动力队伍，包括与学校警察培训、需求、角色和影响有关的问题；以及（b）提出具有实证依据的建议，综合考虑具体针对学校警察劳动力队伍所面临挑战的结论，并确定增强与安全相关目标的最佳策略，同时减轻服务不足的青年和家庭面临的不成比例的法律和教育后果。
