a University of Coimbra.
b Leiria Hospital Center.
J Gen Psychol. 2019 Jul-Sep;146(3):258-282. doi: 10.1080/00221309.2018.1561410. Epub 2019 Feb 7.
This study aimed to investigate the presence of specific cognitive impairments and the diagnostic utility of the WISC-III in children with ADHD. Ninety-eight children with ADHD and 81 children without ADHD matched by age and gender (control group), between the ages of 6 and 12 years, participated in the study. Children with ADHD revealed the most pronounced deficits in the subtests tapping working memory and processing speed. Freedom from Distractibility was the cognitive profile most impaired and that showed the highest diagnostic accuracy to discriminate children with ADHD. The optimal cutoff scores of the most common WISC-III cognitive profiles revealed greater diagnostic accuracy than the traditional approach of full or partial profiles. Taken together, these results suggested that in the context of a comprehensive psychological assessment, the WISC may provide knowledge about the specific cognitive strengths and weaknesses that characterize this disorder and may be useful in the decision-making process relative to ADHD diagnosis.
本研究旨在探讨 ADHD 儿童是否存在特定的认知障碍，以及 WISC-III 的诊断效用。共有 98 名 ADHD 儿童和 81 名年龄和性别相匹配的无 ADHD 儿童（对照组）参与了这项研究，年龄在 6 至 12 岁之间。ADHD 儿童在测试工作记忆和处理速度的子测验中表现出最明显的缺陷。注意力分散自由度是受损害最严重的认知特征，且具有最高的诊断准确性来区分 ADHD 儿童。最常见的 WISC-III 认知特征的最佳截断分数显示出比传统的全或部分特征的方法更高的诊断准确性。综上所述，这些结果表明，在全面的心理评估背景下，WISC 可能提供有关该障碍特征的特定认知优势和劣势的知识，并且可能有助于与 ADHD 诊断相关的决策过程。
