Moura Octávio, Pereira Marcelino, Alfaiate Cláudia, Fernandes Eva, Fernandes Boavida, Nogueira Susana, Moreno Joana, Simões Mário R
a Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.
b Neurosciences, Neuropsychology and Cognitive Assessment group from the Cognitive and Behavioral Center for Research and Intervention (CINEICC) , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2017 Apr;39(3):296-312. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2016.1225007. Epub 2016 Sep 12.
This study aimed to investigate the neurocognitive functioning of children with developmental dyslexia (DD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Four groups of children between the ages of 8 and 10 years participated in the study: typically developing children (TDC; N = 34), children with DD-only (N = 32), children with ADHD-only (N = 32), and children with DD+ADHD (N = 18).
Children with DD and ADHD exhibited significant weaknesses on almost all neurocognitive measures compared with TDC. Large effect sizes were observed for naming speed and phonological awareness. The comorbid group showed deficits consistent with both DD and ADHD without additional impairments. Results from binary logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses suggested that some neurocognitive measures revealed an adequate sensitivity for the clinical diagnosis of both neurodevelopmental disorders. Specifically, naming speed and phonological awareness were the strongest predictors to correctly discriminate both disorders.
Taken together, the results lend support to the multiple cognitive deficit hypothesis showing a considerable overlap of neurocognitive deficits between both disorders.
本研究旨在调查发育性阅读障碍（DD）和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的神经认知功能。
四组8至10岁的儿童参与了该研究：发育正常儿童（TDC；N = 34）、仅患有DD的儿童（N = 32）、仅患有ADHD的儿童（N = 32）以及患有DD+ADHD的儿童（N = 18）。
与TDC相比，患有DD和ADHD的儿童在几乎所有神经认知测试中均表现出明显劣势。在命名速度和语音意识方面观察到较大的效应量。共病组表现出与DD和ADHD一致的缺陷，且无额外损伤。二元逻辑回归和受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析结果表明，一些神经认知测试对两种神经发育障碍的临床诊断具有足够的敏感性。具体而言，命名速度和语音意识是正确区分这两种障碍的最强预测指标。
综合来看，研究结果支持多重认知缺陷假说，表明两种障碍之间的神经认知缺陷存在相当大的重叠。
