神经发育障碍儿童的神经心理学特征、情绪/行为问题及父母压力
Neuropsychological Profile, Emotional/Behavioral Problems, and Parental Stress in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
作者信息
Operto Francesca Felicia, Smirni Daniela, Scuoppo Chiara, Padovano Chiara, Vivenzio Valentina, Quatrosi Giuseppe, Carotenuto Marco, Precenzano Francesco, Pastorino Grazia Maria Giovanna
机构信息
Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
出版信息
Brain Sci. 2021 Apr 30;11(5):584. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11050584.
BACKGROUND
The aim of our study was to trace a specific neuropsychological profile, to investigate emotional-behavioral problems and parental stress in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Level 1/High functioning (ASD-HF), Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) disorders and to highlight similarities and differences among the three groups.
METHODS
We retrospectively collected the data from a total of 62 subjects with ASD-HF ( = 19) ADHD ( = 21), SLD ( = 22) and 20 typical development. All the participants underwent neuropsychological standardized test for the evaluation of cognitive profile (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition-WISC-IV), behavioral and emotional problems (Child Behavior CheckList CBCL), and parental stress (Parental Stress Index Short Form-PSI-SF). The scores of the ASD-HF, ADHD, and SLD groups were compared using non-parametric statistic methods (Kruskall-Wallis H test and U Mann-Whitney for post-hoc analysis).
RESULTS
The ASD-HF group were significantly higher in all areas of the WISC-IV than the other two clinical groups. The SLD group performed significantly lower than ASD-HF in Working Memory Index. The SLD group showed lower scores on the somatic problems subscale than the other two groups. In the Difficult Child subscale of the PSI-SF, parents of ADHD children scored lower than the mothers of SLD subjects and higher than the fathers of SLD subjects. In all three groups there are specific deficiencies compared to the control group in the cognitive profile, behavioral and emotional problems, and parental stress.
CONCLUSIONS
Our comparative analysis highlighted similarities and differences in three groups of children with different neurodevelopmental disorders, helping to better define cognitive, behavioral, and emotional characteristics of these children and parental stress of their parents.
背景
我们研究的目的是追踪一种特定的神经心理学特征，调查一级/高功能自闭症谱系障碍（ASD-HF）、特定学习障碍（SLD）和注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的情绪行为问题及父母压力，并突出三组之间的异同。
方法
我们回顾性收集了总共62名受试者的数据，其中包括19名ASD-HF儿童、21名ADHD儿童、22名SLD儿童以及20名发育正常儿童。所有参与者都接受了神经心理学标准化测试，以评估认知特征（韦氏儿童智力量表第四版-WISC-IV）、行为和情绪问题（儿童行为检查表CBCL）以及父母压力（父母压力指数简表-PSI-SF）。使用非参数统计方法（Kruskal-Wallis H检验和U Mann-Whitney进行事后分析）比较ASD-HF、ADHD和SLD组的得分。
结果
ASD-HF组在WISC-IV的所有领域得分均显著高于其他两个临床组。SLD组在工作记忆指数方面的表现显著低于ASD-HF组。SLD组在躯体问题子量表上的得分低于其他两组。在PSI-SF的困难儿童子量表中，ADHD儿童的父母得分低于SLD儿童的母亲且高于SLD儿童的父亲。与对照组相比，所有三组在认知特征、行为和情绪问题以及父母压力方面都存在特定缺陷。
结论
我们的比较分析突出了三组不同神经发育障碍儿童的异同，有助于更好地界定这些儿童的认知、行为和情绪特征以及他们父母的压力。
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