采用过氧乙酸对二级出水进行化学消毒的详细建模与先进控制。
Detailed modeling and advanced control for chemical disinfection of secondary effluent wastewater by peracetic acid.
机构信息
Trojan Technologies, London, ON, N5V4T7, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B9, Canada.
Trojan Technologies, London, ON, N5V4T7, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B9, Canada.
出版信息
Water Res. 2019 Apr 15;153:251-262. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.01.022. Epub 2019 Jan 29.
Advanced control of chemical disinfection processes is becoming increasingly important in view of balancing under-treatment (low pathogen inactivation) and over-treatment (excessive consumption of disinfectant and disinfection byproducts formation) thereby providing considerable environmental and economic benefits. Conventional control strategies such as flow pacing or residual trim ignore chemical demand/decay, inactivation kinetics, and other factors governing disinfection performance in continuous-flow reactors such as reactor hydraulics and process variability. This study presents the development, verification, and pilot-scale validation of a novel CT-based real-time disinfection control strategy, derived from first principles, and applied to peracetic acid disinfection of municipal secondary effluent wastewater. Validation experiments were carried out using a 3-m pilot contact basin of which the hydraulic performance was first characterized by means of tracer tests and then mathematically modeled using the well-established theoretical framework of continuous stirred-tank reactors in series. The analytical model describing hydraulic performance was subsequently extended to take into account disinfectant demand/decay and microbial inactivation kinetics. The integrated model was successfully used to predict, and control, residual peracetic acid as well as microbial concentration in the pilot effluent. Validation studies conclusively supported that the novel CT-based control strategy was superior in maintaining constant disinfection performance, desired microbial counts, and low residual disinfectant under variable flow and wastewater quality. When compared with flow pacing, the CT-based control required two times less the amount of chemical for the same treatment objective (<100 cfu/100 mL). Remarkably, the CT-based control strategy could be extended to other chemical disinfection processes such as chlorination and ozonation, alone or in combination with physical treatment technologies such as membranes and ultraviolet irradiation.
鉴于平衡处理不足（病原体灭活率低）和处理过度（消毒剂过量消耗和消毒副产物形成）的需要，对化学消毒过程的高级控制变得越来越重要，从而带来了可观的环境和经济效益。传统的控制策略，如流量调节或残留调整，忽略了化学需氧量/衰减、失活动力学以及连续流反应器中控制消毒性能的其他因素，如反应器水力和过程变异性。本研究提出了一种基于 CT 的新型实时消毒控制策略的开发、验证和中试规模验证，该策略源自第一原理，并应用于过氧乙酸对城市二级出水的消毒。验证实验使用了一个 3 米的中试接触池，首先通过示踪剂试验对其水力性能进行了表征，然后使用连续搅拌釜串联的成熟理论框架对其进行了数学建模。随后将描述水力性能的分析模型扩展到考虑消毒剂需求/衰减和微生物失活动力学。该集成模型成功地用于预测和控制中试出水中的剩余过氧乙酸和微生物浓度。验证研究有力地支持了基于 CT 的新型控制策略在维持恒定消毒性能、所需微生物计数和低残留消毒剂方面的优越性，在流量和废水质量变化的情况下。与流量调节相比，基于 CT 的控制策略在达到相同处理目标时所需的化学物质量减少了两倍（<100 cfu/100 mL）。值得注意的是，基于 CT 的控制策略可以扩展到其他化学消毒过程，如氯化和臭氧氧化，单独或与膜和紫外线照射等物理处理技术结合使用。
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