Adoption for adaptation: A theory-based approach for monitoring a complex policy initiative.

This paper explores some of the challenges involved in designing a monitoring framework for a complex policy initiative designed to support climate change adaptation in a highly varied and dynamic implementation environment. It looks specifically at the UK's Department for International Development (DFID) initiative called Action on Climate Today, a five-year programme that aims to support the mainstreaming of climate change adaptation into policy systems in five countries and ten locations in South Asia. This paper presents a theory-based approach to designing a monitoring system for the ACT programme that seeks to account for the programme's design and implementation complexities. It does so by providing an example for monitoring the causal processes and mechanisms that underpin the programme's theory of change. The paper highlights a systematic approach to context monitoring through periodic context assessments and evaluative indicators; the use of categorical indicators to capture a diverse portfolio of support; and a flexible results framework structured around the adoption and implementation of programme outputs into the targeted policy systems.