Benedict Taylor, Richter Jasmin, Gast Anne
Social Cognition Center Cologne, Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Germany.
Social Cognition Center Cologne, Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Germany.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2019 Mar;194:28-36. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.01.014. Epub 2019 Feb 5.
We tested the influence of misinformation on evaluative conditioning (EC) by giving false information about the contingencies between CS and US stimuli after a conditioning procedure. This was done by asking participants questions about the USs while inaccurately suggesting that some CSs had been paired with a US that had the opposite valence than the US it had actually been paired with. For CS-US pairs from other conditions, accurate suggestions or no suggestions at all were given to participants. This manipulation significantly moderated EC effects. For pairs that were combined with inaccurate information we found a reversed EC effect, while we found a standard EC effect for both pairs combined with no suggestions and pairs combined with accurate suggestions. Additional analyses showed that the misinformation manipulation also moderated memory for the pairs. These results show that misinformation manipulations cannot only influence explicit memory but also attitudes. Furthermore, and in line with some theories of EC, they support the relevance of explicit memory for EC effects.
我们通过在条件作用程序后提供关于条件刺激（CS）和非条件刺激（US）之间意外情况的虚假信息，测试了错误信息对评价性条件作用（EC）的影响。这是通过询问参与者关于非条件刺激的问题来实现的，同时不准确地暗示某些条件刺激与一种效价相反的非条件刺激配对，而实际上它与之配对的是非条件刺激的真实效价。对于来自其他条件的条件刺激-非条件刺激对，向参与者提供准确的提示或根本不提供提示。这种操纵显著调节了评价性条件作用的效果。对于与不准确信息相结合的配对，我们发现了反向的评价性条件作用效果，而对于既不与提示相结合也不与准确提示相结合的配对，我们发现了标准的评价性条件作用效果。进一步的分析表明，错误信息操纵也调节了对配对的记忆。这些结果表明，错误信息操纵不仅可以影响外显记忆，还可以影响态度。此外，与一些评价性条件作用理论一致，它们支持外显记忆对评价性条件作用效果的相关性。
