Lamprecht S C, Tewoldemedhin Y T, Botha W J, Calitz F J
Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa.
Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute.
Plant Dis. 2011 Sep;95(9):1153-1158. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-02-11-0083.
Thirty-three isolates of the Fusarium graminearum species complex obtained from diseased maize (Zea mays) crowns and roots in the Winterton district, KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa were identified to species level. Their pathogenicity and virulence to maize 'PHI 32D96B' seedlings were determined under glasshouse conditions, with seedling survival and growth and crown and root rot as criteria. Phylogenetic analyses using the 3-O-acetyltransferase (Tri101) gene region sequences revealed the presence of F. boothii (2 isolates), F. graminearum sensu stricto (26 isolates), and F. meridionale (5 isolates) in the F. graminearum species complex associated with diseased maize crowns and roots. Pathogenicity results showed that F. boothii was the most and F. meridionale the least virulent of the three species. F. boothii and F. graminearum sensu stricto significantly reduced survival of seedlings and all three species caused significant reduction in growth and significantly more crown and root rot than the control (uninoculated). This is the first report of F. boothii, F. graminearum sensu stricto, and F. meridionale associated with diseased maize crowns and roots and their pathogenicity and virulence as soilborne pathogens on maize seedlings in South Africa.
从南非夸祖鲁 - 纳塔尔省温特顿地区患病玉米（Zea mays）的冠部和根部获得的33株禾谷镰刀菌物种复合体菌株被鉴定到种水平。在温室条件下，以幼苗存活、生长以及冠部和根部腐烂为标准，测定了它们对玉米‘PHI 32D96B’幼苗的致病性和毒力。使用3 - O - 乙酰转移酶（Tri101）基因区域序列进行的系统发育分析表明，与患病玉米冠部和根部相关的禾谷镰刀菌物种复合体中存在布氏镰刀菌（2株）、狭义禾谷镰刀菌（26株）和南方镰刀菌（5株）。致病性结果表明，在这三个物种中，布氏镰刀菌的毒力最强，南方镰刀菌的毒力最弱。布氏镰刀菌和狭义禾谷镰刀菌显著降低了幼苗的存活率，并且所有三个物种都导致生长显著减少，与对照（未接种）相比，冠部和根部腐烂显著更多。这是关于布氏镰刀菌、狭义禾谷镰刀菌和南方镰刀菌与患病玉米冠部和根部相关以及它们作为土壤传播病原体对南非玉米幼苗的致病性和毒力的首次报道。
