Chief Moon-Riley Kat, Copeland Jennifer L, Metz Gerlinde A S, Currie Cheryl L
Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Lethbridge, Canada.
SSM Popul Health. 2018 Dec 19;7:100343. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.100343. eCollection 2019 Apr.
We investigated the biological impacts of Indigenous residential school attendance on the adult children of survivors, operationalized through allostatic load (AL); and the extent to which intergenerational trauma, operationalized through adverse childhood experience (ACE) score, mediated this association. Data were collected in-person from a university-based sample of Indigenous adults ( = 90, mean age: 28 years) in a mid-sized city in western Canada between 2015 and 2016. Associations were analyzed in multinominal regression models, with terciled AL and ACE scores as outcomes. The cross-products of coefficients method was used to test mediation. Overall, 42.7% and 33.7% reported their mother and father had attended residential school; respectively. In an adjusted model, maternal, but not paternal, residential school attendance was a risk factor associated with a moderate increase in AL among her adult children. The strength of this association did not change when the analysis was limited to mothers who raised their children. Maternal and paternal residential school attendance were each associated with increased ACE score among adults raised by survivors. However, ACE score did not explain the association between maternal residential school attendance and offspring AL score in mediational analyses. The present findings suggest colonial residential school experiences may have become biologically embedded, passed to subsequent generations, and exhibited through the dysregulation of allostatic systems among the adult children of maternal residential school survivors. Maternal exposure to residential school influenced biological dysregulation among her adult children in ways that could not be further exacerbated by her children's exposure to ACEs. The Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission asked governments to acknowledge the impact of residential schools on the current state of Indigenous health. Our findings underline the importance of this call by demonstrating how the residential school experience may get under the skin to impact the health of the next generation.
我们研究了原住民寄宿学校经历对幸存者成年子女的生物学影响，通过负荷应激（AL）来衡量；以及代际创伤（通过童年不良经历（ACE）得分来衡量）在多大程度上介导了这种关联。2015年至2016年期间，我们在加拿大西部一个中型城市的一所大学抽取了90名原住民成年人样本（平均年龄：28岁），通过面对面访谈收集数据。在多项回归模型中分析关联，以三分位数的AL和ACE得分作为结果。采用系数交叉乘积法检验中介效应。总体而言，分别有42.7%和33.7%的人报告其母亲和父亲曾就读于寄宿学校。在一个调整模型中，母亲（而非父亲）曾就读于寄宿学校是一个风险因素，与其成年子女的AL适度增加相关。当分析仅限于抚养孩子的母亲时，这种关联的强度没有改变。母亲和父亲曾就读于寄宿学校均与幸存者抚养长大的成年人ACE得分增加相关。然而，在中介分析中，ACE得分并不能解释母亲曾就读于寄宿学校与后代AL得分之间的关联。目前的研究结果表明，殖民时期的寄宿学校经历可能已在生物学上扎根，传递给后代，并通过母亲曾就读于寄宿学校的成年子女体内应激系统的失调表现出来。母亲接触寄宿学校以一种其子女接触ACEs无法进一步加剧的方式影响了其成年子女的生物失调。加拿大真相与和解委员会要求政府承认寄宿学校对原住民当前健康状况的影响。我们的研究结果通过展示寄宿学校经历如何深入影响下一代的健康，强调了这一呼吁的重要性。
