Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Adv Healthc Mater. 2019 Apr;8(7):e1801048. doi: 10.1002/adhm.201801048. Epub 2019 Feb 8.
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of cell-laden biomaterials is used to fabricate constructs that can mimic the structure of native tissues. The main techniques used for 3D bioprinting include microextrusion, inkjet, and laser-assisted bioprinting. Bioinks used for bone bioprinting include hydrogels loaded with bioactive ceramics, cells, and growth factors. In this review, a critical overview of the recent literature on various types of bioinks used for bone bioprinting is presented. Major challenges, such as the vascularity, clinically relevant size, and mechanical properties of 3D printed structures, that need to be addressed to successfully use the technology in clinical settings, are discussed. Emerging approaches to solve these problems are reviewed, and future strategies to design customized 3D printed structures are proposed.
三维（3D）细胞负载生物材料的生物打印用于制造能够模拟天然组织结构的构建体。用于 3D 生物打印的主要技术包括微挤压、喷墨和激光辅助生物打印。用于骨生物打印的生物墨水包括负载有生物活性陶瓷、细胞和生长因子的水凝胶。在这篇综述中，对用于骨生物打印的各种类型的生物墨水的最新文献进行了批判性的概述。讨论了需要解决的主要挑战，例如 3D 打印结构的血管生成、临床相关尺寸和机械性能，以便在临床环境中成功使用该技术。综述了新兴的解决这些问题的方法，并提出了设计定制 3D 打印结构的未来策略。
