Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.
German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany.
Exp Physiol. 2019 Apr;104(4):447-452. doi: 10.1113/EP087125. Epub 2019 Mar 7.
What is the topic of this review? Within this review, the role of reactive oxygen species in cellular homeostasis, physiology and pathophysiology is discussed. What advances does it highlight? The review provides new concepts of how reactive oxygen species influence gene expression, energy consumption and other aspects of the life of a cell. Furthermore, a model is provided to illustrate how reactive oxygen species elicit specific oxidation of target molecules.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a long history of bad reputation. They are needed and effective in host defense, but on the contrary may induce situations of oxidative stress. Besides that, within recent years several soft functions (functions that may occur and are not directly connected to an effect, but may influence signaling in an indirect manner) of NADPH oxidases have been discovered, which are slowly eroding the image of the solely dangerous ROS. NADPH oxidase-derived ROS serve to ease or enable signal transduction and to maintain homeostasis. However, there is still an enormous lag in the knowledge concerning target proteins and how ROS can elicit specific signalling in different cells and tissues. The present review summarizes some important functions of Nox2 and Nox4. Furthermore, although highly speculative, a model is provided of how those NADPH oxidases might be able to oxidize target proteins in a specific way. Many concepts mentioned in this review represent my personal view and are supported only in part by published studies.
这篇综述的主题是什么？在本次综述中，讨论了活性氧（ROS）在细胞内稳态、生理学和病理生理学中的作用。它强调了哪些进展？该综述提供了新的概念，即活性氧如何影响基因表达、能量消耗和细胞生命的其他方面。此外，还提供了一个模型来说明活性氧如何引发靶分子的特异性氧化。
活性氧（ROS）一直以来都名声不佳。它们在宿主防御中是必需且有效的，但相反，它们可能会引起氧化应激。此外，近年来，人们发现 NADPH 氧化酶具有几种软功能（可能发生且与效应不直接相关的功能，但可能以间接方式影响信号转导），这正在慢慢改变 ROS 仅具危险性的形象。NADPH 氧化酶衍生的 ROS 有助于缓解或促进信号转导并维持内稳态。然而，关于靶蛋白以及 ROS 如何在不同细胞和组织中引发特定信号转导的知识仍然存在巨大的差距。本综述总结了 Nox2 和 Nox4 的一些重要功能。此外，尽管这极具推测性，但提供了一个模型来说明这些 NADPH 氧化酶如何能够以特定的方式氧化靶蛋白。本综述中提到的许多概念代表了我的个人观点，仅部分得到已发表研究的支持。
