Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany.
Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany.
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2019 Apr;36:100623. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100623. Epub 2019 Feb 1.
Inhibitory control deficits are a hallmark in ADHD. Yet, inhibitory control includes a multitude of entities (e.g. 'inhibition of interferences' and 'action inhibition'). Examining the interplay between these kinds of inhibitory control provides insights into the architecture of inhibitory control in ADHD. Combining a Simon task and a Go/Nogo task, we assessed the interplay of 'inhibition of interferences' and 'action inhibition'. This was combined with EEG recordings, EEG data decomposition and source localization. Simon interference effects in Go trials were larger in ADHD. At the neurophysiological level, this insufficient inhibition of interferences in ADHD related to the superior parietal cortex. Simon interference effects were absent in action inhibition (Nogo) trials in ADHD, compared to controls. This was supported by bayesian statistics. The power of effects was higher than 95%. The differential effects between the groups were associated with modulations of neurophysiological response selection processes in the superior frontal gyrus. ADHD is not only associated with deficits in inhibitory control. Rather, the organization and architecture of the inhibitory control system is different in ADHD. Distinguishable inhibitory control processes operate on a hierarchical 'first come, first serve' basis and are not integrated in ADHD. This is a new facet of ADHD.
抑制控制缺陷是 ADHD 的一个标志。然而，抑制控制包括多种实体（例如“抑制干扰”和“动作抑制”）。研究这些类型的抑制控制之间的相互作用可以深入了解 ADHD 中抑制控制的结构。我们结合 Simon 任务和 Go/Nogo 任务，评估了“抑制干扰”和“动作抑制”之间的相互作用。这与 EEG 记录、EEG 数据分解和源定位相结合。ADHD 患者在 Go 试验中的 Simon 干扰效应较大。在神经生理学水平上，ADHD 中对干扰的抑制不足与顶叶上回有关。与对照组相比，ADHD 患者在动作抑制（Nogo）试验中没有 Simon 干扰效应。贝叶斯统计支持这一点。效应的力量高于 95%。组间的差异效应与额上回神经生理反应选择过程的调节有关。ADHD 不仅与抑制控制缺陷有关。相反，ADHD 中抑制控制系统的组织和结构是不同的。可区分的抑制控制过程在一个分层的“先来先服务”的基础上运作，在 ADHD 中没有整合。这是 ADHD 的一个新方面。
