Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU, Dresden, Germany.
Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU, Dresden, Germany.
Neuroimage Clin. 2024;44:103677. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103677. Epub 2024 Sep 30.
Deficiencies in inhibitory control are one of the hallmarks of attention-deficit-(hyperactivity) disorder (AD(H)D). Response inhibition demands can become increased through additional conflicts, namely when already integrated representations of perception-action associations have to be updated. Yet, the neural mechanisms of how such conflicts worsen response inhibition in AD(H)D are unknown, but, if identified, could help to better understand the complex nature of AD(H)D-associated impulsivity. We investigated both behavioral performance and EEG activity in the theta and alpha band of adolescents (10-18 years of age) with AD(H)D (n = 28) compared to neurotypical (NT) controls (n = 33) in a conflict-modulated Go/Nogo paradigm. We used multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and EEG-beamforming to examine how changes in representational content are coded by oscillatory activity and to delineate the cortical structures involved in it. The presented behavioral and neurophysiological data show that adolescents with AD(H)D are more strongly affected by increased response inhibition demands through additional conflicts than NT controls. Precisely, AD(H)D participants showed higher false alarm rates than NT controls in both, non-overlapping and overlapping Nogo trials, but performed even worse in the latter. This is likely due to an inefficient updating of representations related to delayed modulations of alpha band activity in the ventral stream and orbitofrontal regions. Theta band activity is also modulated by conflict but was not differentially affected in the two groups. By this, the present study provides novel insights into underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of the complex nature of response inhibition deficits in adolescents with AD(H)D, stressing the importance to examine the interplay of theta and alpha band activity more closely to better understand inhibitory control deficits in AD(H)D.
抑制控制缺陷是注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的特征之一。当已经整合的感知-动作关联表示需要更新时，额外的冲突会增加反应抑制的要求。然而，ADHD 中这种冲突如何恶化反应抑制的神经机制尚不清楚，但如果能够确定，可能有助于更好地理解 ADHD 相关冲动的复杂性质。我们在一个冲突调制的 Go/Nogo 范式中，比较了 ADHD 青少年（10-18 岁，n=28）和神经典型对照组（n=33）的行为表现和 theta 和 alpha 频段的 EEG 活动。我们使用多变量模式分析（MVPA）和 EEG 波束形成来检查代表内容的变化如何通过振荡活动进行编码，并描绘涉及的皮质结构。呈现的行为和神经生理数据表明，与神经典型对照组相比，ADHD 青少年在增加反应抑制需求时受到的影响更大，因为存在额外的冲突。具体来说，ADHD 参与者在非重叠和重叠 Nogo 试验中都比 NT 对照组有更高的假警报率，但在后者中的表现更差。这可能是由于与腹侧流和眶额区域的 alpha 波段活动的延迟调制相关的表示的更新效率低下所致。theta 波段活动也受到冲突的调制，但在两组中没有受到不同的影响。通过这种方式，本研究为 ADHD 青少年反应抑制缺陷的复杂性质的潜在神经生理机制提供了新的见解，强调了更仔细地研究 theta 和 alpha 波段活动相互作用以更好地理解 ADHD 中抑制控制缺陷的重要性。
