Unit for Social and Environmental Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Institute of Water Policy, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Environ Manage. 2019 Apr;63(4):554-563. doi: 10.1007/s00267-019-01143-0. Epub 2019 Feb 9.
This paper assesses the significance of stakeholder discourses on uses of water by aquaculture for public policy. Our discourse analysis focuses on the experiences with inland aquaculture in Thailand, drawing from interviews with stakeholders, and evidence in public documents such as newspapers and television news reports. A key finding is that fish farms suffer significant losses from polluted run-off entering water bodies where fish are grown. Mass mortality events in river cage culture, in particular, attract media attention and are the core of the aquaculture-as-victim discourse. Fish farms are also adversely impacted by river management and current water allocation policies. Inland shrimp farming has received more negative media and scientific attention than fish farming, and is the focus of the aquaculture-as-villain discourse. A third, aquaculture-as-benign discourse, is used widely to describe fish pond culture, and more rarely to promote aquaculture in low-quality water bodies or as part of integrated nutrient and waste re-use farming systems. The findings strongly imply that aquaculture farmers should be included as a stakeholder in the management of watersheds and rivers, as well as the negotiation and allocation of water resources. They also suggest a need for aquaculture development policies to pay closer attention to water quality and allocation issues.
本文评估了利益相关者关于水产养殖用水的论述对公共政策的意义。我们的话语分析侧重于泰国内陆水产养殖的经验，借鉴了利益相关者的访谈以及报纸和电视新闻报道等公共文件中的证据。一个关键发现是，养殖场因受污染的径流进入养殖鱼类的水体而遭受重大损失。特别是河流网箱养殖中的大规模死亡事件引起了媒体的关注，是水产养殖作为受害者论述的核心。养殖场还受到河流管理和当前水资源分配政策的不利影响。与鱼类养殖相比，内陆对虾养殖受到更多负面媒体和科学关注，是水产养殖作为恶棍论述的焦点。第三个，水产养殖作为良性论述，广泛用于描述鱼塘养殖，很少用于推广低质量水体中的水产养殖或作为综合养分和废物再利用农业系统的一部分。调查结果强烈暗示，水产养殖农民应该被纳入流域和河流管理以及水资源谈判和分配的利益相关者。它们还表明水产养殖发展政策需要更加关注水质和分配问题。
