Lebel Louis, Lebel Phimphakan, Lebel Boripat
Unit for Social and Environmental Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Environ Manage. 2016 Dec;58(6):931-945. doi: 10.1007/s00267-016-0764-5. Epub 2016 Sep 1.
Weather is suspected to influence fish growth and survival, and be a factor in mass mortality events in cage aquaculture in reservoirs. The purpose of this study was to identify the important climate-related risks faced by cage aquaculture farms; evaluate how these risks were currently being managed; and explore how farmers might adapt to the effects of climate change. Fish farmers were interviewed across the northern region of Thailand to get information on impacts, perceptions and practices. Drought or low water levels, heat waves, cold spells and periods with dense cloud cover, each caused significant financial losses. Perceptions of climate-related risks were consistent with experienced impacts. Risks are primarily managed in the short-term with techniques like aeration and reducing feed. In the mid-term farmers adjust stocking calendars, take financial measures and seek new information. Farmers also emphasize the importance of maintaining good relations with other stakeholders and reservoir management. Larger farms placed greater importance on risk management than small farms, even though types and levels of risk perceived were very similar. Most fish farms were managed by men alone, or men and women working together. Gender differences in risk perception were not detected, but women judged a few risk management practices as more important than men. Fish farmers perceived that climate is changing, but their perceptions were not strongly associated with recently having suffered impacts from extreme weather. The findings of this study provide important inputs to improving risk management under current and future climate.
天气被怀疑会影响鱼类的生长和存活，并成为水库网箱养殖中大规模死亡事件的一个因素。本研究的目的是确定网箱养殖农场面临的与气候相关的重要风险；评估目前这些风险是如何得到管理的；并探索养殖户如何适应气候变化的影响。在泰国北部地区对养鱼户进行了访谈，以获取有关影响、认知和做法的信息。干旱或低水位、热浪、寒潮以及云层密集的时期，均造成了重大经济损失。对与气候相关风险的认知与实际经历的影响一致。风险主要通过曝气和减少投喂等短期技术进行管理。从中期来看，养殖户会调整放养日程、采取财务措施并寻求新信息。养殖户还强调与其他利益相关者和水库管理部门保持良好关系的重要性。大型养殖场比小型养殖场更重视风险管理，尽管所感知的风险类型和程度非常相似。大多数养鱼场由男性单独管理，或由男性和女性共同管理。未发现风险认知方面的性别差异，但女性认为一些风险管理做法比男性更为重要。养鱼户认为气候正在变化，但他们的认知与近期遭受极端天气影响的关联并不强烈。本研究的结果为改善当前和未来气候条件下的风险管理提供了重要依据。
