Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Focus Area: Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
J Appl Microbiol. 2019 Aug;127(2):326-343. doi: 10.1111/jam.14218. Epub 2019 May 23.
Root-knot nematodes are destructive phytopathogens that damage agricultural crops globally, and there is growing interest in the use of biocontrol based on rhizobacteria such as Bacillus to combat Meloidogyne species. It is hypothesized that nematicidal activity of Bacillus can be attributed to the production of secondary metabolites and hydrolytic enzymes. Yet, few studies have characterized these metabolites and their identities remain unknown. Others are speculative or fail to elaborate on how secondary metabolites were detected or distinguished from primary metabolites. Metabolites can be classified based on their origin as either intracellular or extracellular and based on their function, as either primary or secondary. Although this classification is in general use, the boundaries are not always well defined. An understanding of the secondary metabolite and hydrolytic enzyme classification of Bacillus species will facilitate investigations aimed at bionematicide development. This review summarizes the significance of Bacillus hydrolytic enzymes and secondary metabolites in bionematicide research and provides an overview of known classifications. The importance of appropriate cultivation conditions for optimum metabolite and enzyme production is also discussed. Finally, the use of metabolomics for the detection and identification of nematicidal compounds is considered.
根结线虫是具有破坏性的植物病原体，会对全球的农业作物造成损害，因此越来越多的人关注利用根际细菌（如芽孢杆菌）来防治根结线虫属。据推测，芽孢杆菌的杀线虫活性可归因于其产生的次生代谢物和水解酶。然而，很少有研究对这些代谢物进行了特征描述，其身份仍然未知。其他研究则是推测性的，或者没有详细说明如何检测次生代谢物以及如何将其与初级代谢物区分开来。代谢物可以根据其来源（细胞内或细胞外）和功能（初级代谢物或次生代谢物）进行分类。尽管这种分类方法被广泛使用，但边界并不总是明确的。了解芽孢杆菌属次生代谢物和水解酶的分类将有助于开展生物杀线虫剂开发的研究。本文综述了芽孢杆菌属水解酶和次生代谢物在生物杀线虫剂研究中的重要性，并概述了已知的分类。还讨论了获得最佳代谢物和酶产量的适当培养条件的重要性。最后，考虑了代谢组学在杀线虫化合物检测和鉴定中的应用。
