Eloh Kodjo, Demurtas Monica, Mura Manuel Giacomo, Deplano Alessandro, Onnis Valentina, Sasanelli Nicola, Maxia Andrea, Caboni Pierluigi
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari , via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR , via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy.
J Agric Food Chem. 2016 Jun 22;64(24):4876-81. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02250. Epub 2016 Jun 9.
Different maleimide derivatives were synthesized and assayed for their in vitro activity on the soil inhabiting, plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita, also known as root-knot nematode. The compounds maleimide, N-ethylmaleimide, N-isopropylmaleimide, and N-isobutylmaleimide showed the strongest nematicidal activity on the second stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode with EC50/72h values of 2.6 ± 1.3, 5.1 ± 3.4, 16.2 ± 5.4, and 19.0 ± 9.0 mg/L, respectively. We also determined the nematicidal activity of copper sulfate, finding an EC50 value of 48.6 ± 29.8 mg/L. When maleimide at 1 mg/L was tested in combination with copper sulfate at 50 mg/L, we observed 100% mortality of the nematodes. We performed a GC-MS metabolomics analysis after treating nematodes with maleimide at 8 mg/L for 24 h. This analysis revealed altered fatty acids and diglyceride metabolites such as oleic acid, palmitic acid, and 1-monopalmitin. Our results suggest that maleimide may be used as a new interesting building block for developing new nematicides in combination with copper salts.
合成了不同的马来酰亚胺衍生物，并测定了它们对土壤栖息的植物寄生线虫南方根结线虫（又称根结线虫）的体外活性。马来酰亚胺、N-乙基马来酰亚胺、N-异丙基马来酰亚胺和N-异丁基马来酰亚胺对根结线虫的第二阶段幼虫表现出最强的杀线虫活性，其72小时的半数有效浓度（EC50）值分别为2.6±1.3、5.1±3.4、16.2±5.4和19.0±9.0毫克/升。我们还测定了硫酸铜的杀线虫活性，发现其EC50值为48.6±29.8毫克/升。当将1毫克/升的马来酰亚胺与50毫克/升的硫酸铜联合测试时，我们观察到线虫的死亡率为100%。在用8毫克/升的马来酰亚胺处理线虫24小时后，我们进行了气相色谱-质谱联用代谢组学分析。该分析揭示了脂肪酸和甘油二酯代谢产物的变化，如油酸、棕榈酸和1-单棕榈酸甘油酯。我们的结果表明，马来酰亚胺可能作为一种新的有趣的结构单元，与铜盐联合用于开发新型杀线虫剂。
