a University of Scranton.
b University of St. Thomas.
J Gen Psychol. 2019 Apr-Jun;146(2):200-215. doi: 10.1080/00221309.2018.1551775. Epub 2019 Feb 10.
This paper compares the Selective Accessibility and Scale Distortion theories of anchoring as explanations for anchoring tasks involving (1) perceived dissimilarity between comparison and estimation objects and (2) successive estimation tasks. We begin by describing the two theories of anchoring and what each would predict for these conditions. Two studies are presented in which multiple estimates are made following a single comparison task and the effect sizes of these estimates are correlated to operationalizations of similarity. In the first study, the stimuli varied with respect to how well they fit within an existing category reasonably familiar to the participant population: aircraft. In the second study, the stimuli varied with respect to external features that did not define the category: the brand and location of hotels. In both studies, we find that the anchoring effect size has a positive correlation with the semantic similarity between the comparison and estimation objects, a finding consistent with Selective Accessibility.
本文比较了选择性可及性和尺度扭曲理论对锚定的解释，这些解释涉及到以下两种情况：（1）比较对象和估计对象之间的感知差异，以及（2）连续的估计任务。我们首先描述了锚定的两种理论以及每种理论对这些条件的预测。本文介绍了两项研究，在这两项研究中，在完成单一比较任务后，会进行多次估计，并且这些估计的效应量与相似性的操作化相关。在第一项研究中，刺激物的变化取决于它们在参与者群体相当熟悉的现有类别中的拟合程度：飞机。在第二项研究中，刺激物的变化取决于不定义类别的外部特征：酒店的品牌和位置。在这两项研究中，我们发现，锚定效应量与比较对象和估计对象之间的语义相似性呈正相关，这一发现与选择性可及性一致。
