Department of Ecosystem Analysis, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 May 10;664:89-98. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.300. Epub 2019 Jan 24.
Although the effects of pharmaceuticals on aquatic organisms have been widely investigated during the last decades, toxic effects, especially delayed toxicity, during the developmental stage at environmental relevant concentrations were rarely known. In this study, a sensitive assay based on behavioral alterations was used for studying the delayed toxicity during the developmental stage on zebrafish embryos. Eight pharmaceuticals that were frequently detected with concentrations ranging from ng/l to μg/l were screened for this study. Behavioral alterations of zebrafish at 118 hpf (hours post fertilization) after exposing to eight single pharmaceuticals with concentrations in the ranges of environmental detected and their mixtures during embryonic development (2-50 h post fertilization, hpf) were observed. Multiple endpoints, including mortality, hatching rate, swimming speed and angular velocity were evaluated. Results showed that behavioral profile alterations in zebrafish larvae are promising for predicting delayed sublethal effects of chemicals. Delayed hatch was observed at 72 hpf following embryonic exposure to triclosan (1 μg/l) and carbamazepine (100 μg/l) up to 50 hpf. The zebrafish larval locomotor behavior following embryonic exposure to 0.1 μg/l triclosan and 1 μg/l caffeine in the early stages of development (2-50 hpf) was altered. Furthermore, the effects of the mixture of 8 pharmaceuticals each with the highest environmental concentration on larval behavior were observed during embryonic development. Generally, this study showed that the effects of pharmaceuticals singly or their mixtures in surface waters cannot be ignored.
尽管在过去几十年中，人们广泛研究了药物对水生生物的影响，但在环境相关浓度下，处于发育阶段的药物的毒性作用，尤其是延迟毒性作用，却鲜为人知。在这项研究中，我们使用了一种基于行为改变的灵敏测定法，来研究在斑马鱼胚胎发育阶段的延迟毒性。本研究筛选了 8 种经常以 ng/l 到 μg/l 浓度检测到的药物。在胚胎发育过程中（受精后 2-50 小时），将 8 种单一药物及其混合物以环境检测到的浓度暴露于斑马鱼胚胎中，在受精后 118 小时（小时后受精）观察斑马鱼的行为改变。评估了多个终点，包括死亡率、孵化率、游泳速度和角速度。结果表明，斑马鱼幼虫的行为特征改变可用于预测化学物质的延迟亚致死效应。在胚胎暴露于三氯生（1μg/l）和卡马西平（100μg/l）至 50 小时后，在 72 小时后观察到延迟孵化。在发育早期（2-50 小时）胚胎暴露于 0.1μg/l 三氯生和 1μg/l 咖啡因后，斑马鱼幼鱼的运动行为发生改变。此外，还观察到 8 种药物混合物在胚胎发育过程中对幼鱼行为的影响，每种药物混合物的浓度均为环境中最高浓度。总的来说，本研究表明，单一药物或其混合物在地表水中的影响不容忽视。
