Qi Jinfeng, Malook Saif Ul, Shen Guojing, Gao Lei, Zhang Cuiping, Li Jing, Zhang Jingxiong, Wang Lei, Wu Jianqiang
Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
Plant Divers. 2018 Jul 10;40(4):189-195. doi: 10.1016/j.pld.2018.06.006. eCollection 2018 Aug.
Plants have sophisticated defense systems to fend off insect herbivores. How plants defend against herbivores in dicotyledonous plants, such as Arabidopsis and tobacco, have been relatively well studied, yet little is known about the defense responses in monocotyledons. Here, we review the current understanding of rice () and maize () defense against insects. In rice and maize, elicitors derived from insect herbivore oral secretions or oviposition fluids activate phytohormone signaling, and transcriptomic changes mediated mainly by transcription factors lead to accumulation of defense-related secondary metabolites. Direct defenses, such as trypsin protein inhibitors in rice and benzoxazinoids in maize, have anti-digestive or toxic effects on insect herbivores. Herbivory-induced plant volatiles, such as terpenes, are indirect defenses, which attract the natural enemies of herbivores. gene-mediated defenses against herbivores are also discussed.
植物拥有复杂的防御系统来抵御食草昆虫。对于双子叶植物（如拟南芥和烟草）如何抵御食草动物，人们已经进行了较为充分的研究，但对于单子叶植物的防御反应却知之甚少。在此，我们综述了目前对水稻（）和玉米（）抗虫防御的理解。在水稻和玉米中，来自食草昆虫口腔分泌物或产卵液的激发子激活植物激素信号传导，主要由转录因子介导的转录组变化导致防御相关次生代谢产物的积累。直接防御，如水稻中的胰蛋白酶蛋白抑制剂和玉米中的苯并恶嗪类化合物，对食草昆虫具有抗消化或毒性作用。食草动物诱导的植物挥发物，如萜类化合物，是间接防御，可吸引食草动物的天敌。还讨论了基因介导的抗食草动物防御。
