Department of Pediatrics, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, US.
Department of Pediatrics, Jacobi Medical Center, Bonx, NY, US.
Ann Glob Health. 2019 Jan 22;85(1):6. doi: 10.5334/aogh.2416.
The global prevalence, morbidity and mortality related to childhood asthma among children has increased significantly over the last 40 years. Although asthma is recognized as the most common chronic disease in children, issues of underdiagnosis and undertreatment persist. There are substantial global variations in the prevalence of asthma symptoms in children, with up to 13-fold differences between countries. The rising number of hospital admissions for asthma may reflect an increase in asthma severity, poor disease management and/or the effect of poverty. The financial burden of asthma is relatively high within developed countries (those for which data is available) spending 1 to 2% of their healthcare budget on this condition. Established in 1989, the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) attempts to raise awareness about the increasing prevalence of asthma, improve management and reduce the burden of asthma worldwide. Despite global efforts, GINA has not achieved its goal, even among developed nations. There are multiple barriers to reducing the global burden of asthma, including limited access to care and/or medications, and lack of prioritization as a public healthcare priority. In addition, the diversity of healthcare systems worldwide and large differences in access to care require that asthma management guidelines be tailored to local needs.
在过去的 40 年中，全球儿童哮喘的患病率、发病率和死亡率显著增加。尽管哮喘被认为是儿童最常见的慢性病，但诊断不足和治疗不足的问题仍然存在。儿童哮喘症状的患病率在全球范围内存在很大差异，国家之间的差异高达 13 倍。哮喘住院人数的增加可能反映了哮喘严重程度的增加、疾病管理不善和/或贫困的影响。在发达国家（有数据可查的国家），哮喘的财政负担相对较高，占其医疗保健预算的 1%至 2%。全球倡议哮喘组织（GINA）成立于 1989 年，旨在提高人们对哮喘日益流行的认识，改善管理水平并减轻全球哮喘负担。尽管全球都在努力，但 GINA 甚至在发达国家也没有实现其目标。减少全球哮喘负担存在多种障碍，包括获得护理和/或药物的机会有限，以及缺乏作为公共医疗保健重点的优先排序。此外，全球医疗保健系统的多样性和获得护理的巨大差异要求根据当地需求调整哮喘管理指南。
