1] Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Community Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2014 Jul;24(4):380-7. doi: 10.1038/jes.2014.21. Epub 2014 Apr 9.
Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) is associated with asthma exacerbation. In the Children's Air Pollution Asthma Study, we investigated the longitudinal association of PM2.5 and its components from indoor and outdoor sources with cough and wheeze symptoms in 36 asthmatic children. The sulfur tracer method was used to estimate infiltration factors. Mixed proportional odds models for an ordinal response were used to relate daily cough and wheeze scores to PM2.5 exposures. The odds ratio associated with being above a given symptom score for a SD increase in PM2.5 from indoor sources (PMIS) was 1.24 (95% confidence interval: 0.92-1.68) for cough and 1.63 (1.11-2.39) for wheeze. Ozone was associated with wheeze (1.82, 1.19-2.80), and cough was associated with indoor PM2.5 components from outdoor sources (denoted with subscript "OS") bromine (BrOS: 1.32, 1.05-1.67), chlorine (ClOS: 1.27, 1.02-1.59) and pyrolyzed organic carbon (OPOS: 1.49, 1.12-1.99). The highest effects were seen in the winter for cough with sulfur (SOS: 2.28, 1.01-5.16) and wheeze with organic carbon fraction 2 (OC2OS: 7.46, 1.19-46.60). Our results indicate that exposure to components originating from outdoor sources of photochemistry, diesel and fuel oil combustion is associated with symptom's exacerbation, especially in the winter. PM2.5 mass of indoor origin was more strongly associated with wheeze than with cough.
粒径小于 2.5μm 的颗粒物（PM2.5）与哮喘加重有关。在儿童空气污染哮喘研究中，我们调查了室内和室外来源的 PM2.5 及其成分与 36 名哮喘儿童咳嗽和喘息症状的纵向关联。硫示踪法用于估计渗透因子。混合比例优势比模型用于将每日咳嗽和喘息评分与 PM2.5 暴露相关联。与室内来源（PMIS）PM2.5 增加一个标准差相关的给定症状评分的比值比（OR）为咳嗽 1.24（95%置信区间：0.92-1.68），喘息 1.63（1.11-2.39）。臭氧与喘息有关（1.82，1.19-2.80），咳嗽与室外来源的室内 PM2.5 成分有关（用下标“OS”表示）溴（BrOS：1.32，1.05-1.67）、氯（ClOS：1.27，1.02-1.59）和热解有机碳（OPOS：1.49，1.12-1.99）。冬季咳嗽与硫（SOS：2.28，1.01-5.16）和喘息与有机碳 2 分馏（OC2OS：7.46，1.19-46.60）的相关性最高。我们的结果表明，暴露于源自光化学、柴油和燃油燃烧的室外来源的成分与症状加重有关，尤其是在冬季。室内来源的 PM2.5 质量与喘息的相关性强于咳嗽。
