Rupprecht C E, Bannazadeh Baghi H, Del Rio Vilas V J, Gibson A D, Lohr F, Meslin F X, Seetahal J F R, Shervell K, Gamble L
Rev Sci Tech. 2018 Aug;37(2):729-739. doi: 10.20506/rst.37.2.2836.
Rabies is one of the oldest recorded pathogens, with the broadest distribution of any known viral zoonosis. Antarctica is believed to be free of all lyssaviruses, but no laboratory-based surveillance has taken place to support this supposition. Re-introduction of the disease is possible in Pacific Oceania, as evidenced by a historical outbreak in Guam and the translocation of rabid bats to Hawaii. Australia is the only inhabited continent with enzootic rabies, without the presence of rabies virus. Europe and North America have broken the cycle of dog-mediated rabies, with a few remaining focal points in Latin America and the Caribbean, but wildlife rabies predominates. The greatest burden resides in the 'Old World'. The elimination of human rabies mediated via dogs by 2030 in Africa, Asia and the Middle East will not be simple, rapid or inexpensive, but it may be achievable through the use of widely available tools and the application of lessons learned during the course of the 20th century.
狂犬病是有记录以来最古老的病原体之一，是已知病毒性人畜共患病中分布最广的。南极洲被认为没有所有的狂犬病病毒，但尚未进行基于实验室的监测来支持这一推测。在太平洋大洋洲，该病有可能重新传入，关岛过去爆发的疫情以及狂犬病蝙蝠被转移到夏威夷就是明证。澳大利亚是唯一有狂犬病地方性流行但不存在狂犬病病毒的有人居住大陆。欧洲和北美已经打破了犬传狂犬病的循环，在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区仅剩下几个疫源地，但野生动物狂犬病占主导地位。最大的负担存在于“旧世界”。要在2030年在非洲、亚洲和中东消除犬传人间狂犬病并非易事，无法迅速实现，且成本高昂，但通过使用广泛可得的工具并应用20世纪期间吸取的经验教训或许可以实现。
