Nel L H, Rupprecht C E
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2007;315:161-93. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-70962-6_8.
Rabies has a long history of occurrence throughout Africa, spanning hundreds of years. At least four distinct Lyssavirus species persist throughout the continent, among carnivores, bats and other mammals. Rabies virus is the most cosmopolitan member, with primary reservoirs within dogs and mongoose, but other wildlife vectors are important in viral maintenance, such as jackals. Besides a prominent toll on humans and domestic animals, the disease has an underappreciated role in conservation biology, especially for such highly endangered fauna as African wild dogs and Ethiopian wolves. Both Duvenhage and Lagos bat viruses are adapted to bats, but their epidemiology, together with Mokola virus, is poorly understood. Significantly, less than ideal cross-reactivity with modern biologicals used for veterinary and public health interventions is a major cause for concern among these emerging viral agents.
狂犬病在非洲的出现已有数百年的悠久历史。在整个非洲大陆，至少有四种不同的狂犬病毒属病毒在食肉动物、蝙蝠和其他哺乳动物中持续存在。狂犬病病毒是分布最广的成员，主要宿主是狗和獴，但其他野生动物载体在病毒传播中也很重要，比如胡狼。除了对人类和家畜造成巨大危害外，这种疾病在保护生物学中也有着未被充分认识的作用，特别是对于非洲野狗和埃塞俄比亚狼等极度濒危的动物而言。杜文黑格病毒和拉各斯蝙蝠病毒都适应蝙蝠，但它们的流行病学情况，以及莫科拉病毒的流行病学情况，人们了解得都很少。值得注意的是，这些新兴病毒与用于兽医和公共卫生干预的现代生物制品之间的交叉反应不理想，这是一个主要的担忧原因。
