Gamble L, Gibson A D, Shervell K, Lohr F, Otter I, Mellanby R J
Rev Sci Tech. 2018 Aug;37(2):543-550. doi: 10.20506/rst.37.2.2822.
The effective management of stray dogs is critically important in any rabies vaccination programme. In many rabies-endemic countries, stray dogs represent a significant proportion of both the free-roaming and total dog populations, and to ensure that rabies elimination programmes are successful, it is essential that this portion of the dog population (stray dogs) is vaccinated at high coverage. However, there are a number of challenges to managing and delivering rabies vaccinations to stray dogs. This paper will review the most pertinent issues relating to the problem of stray dogs and rabies elimination, focusing on the challenges relating to the estimation of population size, vaccination administration and vaccine coverage assessment in stray dog populations. The authors will highlight how these challenges can be overcome, notably by reviewing the census techniques that have been employed to assess stray dog populations, which then facilitate the planning and design of vaccination programmes. In addition, they discuss the range of vaccination strategies that are available and that have been used to vaccinate stray dogs and review how vaccination coverage can be assessed in this population. Finally, the benefits of population management in stray dogs through neutering programmes are reviewed. In short, this paper highlights the importance of ensuring that stray dogs, as well as owned dogs, are included in vaccination programmes and emphasises that many of the challenges related to protecting stray dogs from rabies can be overcome.
在任何狂犬病疫苗接种计划中，有效管理流浪狗都至关重要。在许多狂犬病流行国家，流浪狗在自由放养犬只和犬只总数中占相当大的比例。为确保狂犬病消除计划取得成功，对这部分犬只（流浪狗）进行高覆盖率的疫苗接种至关重要。然而，对流浪狗进行狂犬病疫苗接种的管理和实施存在诸多挑战。本文将审视与流浪狗问题及狂犬病消除相关的最关键问题，重点关注流浪狗种群数量估计、疫苗接种管理以及疫苗接种覆盖率评估方面的挑战。作者将着重介绍如何克服这些挑战，特别是通过回顾用于评估流浪狗种群数量的普查技术，从而为疫苗接种计划的规划和设计提供便利。此外，他们还将讨论现有的及已用于给流浪狗接种疫苗的一系列接种策略，并审视如何评估这一种群的疫苗接种覆盖率。最后，回顾了通过绝育计划对流浪狗进行种群管理的益处。简而言之，本文强调了确保流浪狗以及家养犬只都纳入疫苗接种计划的重要性，并强调与保护流浪狗免受狂犬病侵害相关的许多挑战是可以克服的。
