Tu C, Feng Y, Wang Y
Rev Sci Tech. 2018 Aug;37(2):519-528. doi: 10.20506/rst.37.2.2820.
Since the late 1990s, the People's Republic of China (China) has consistently reported the second largest number of human rabies cases in the world; in this country, rabid dogs are the major source of rabies virus (RABV) transmission for both human and domestic animal rabies cases. In addition, other animal species have been reported to contract and transmit the virus. In this paper, an overview of the animal rabies situation in China is presented by referring to published articles (both English and Chinese) and governmental documents (guidelines, plans, notices and reports), which summarise the rabies situation in dogs, livestock, ferret badgers, bats, canids and rodents, and its threat to public health and animal husbandry in the country. Additionally, to obtain the complete phylogeny, full nucleoprotein gene sequences of representative field RABV strains circulating in China and its surrounding countries have been subjected to phylogenetic analysis, which showed, in agreement with previous studies, that RABVs in China have a broad genetic diversity that can be classified into three major clades, seven lineages and a number of sub-lineages. While significant progress on animal rabies epidemiology in China has been made, animal cases are still underestimated when compared with reported human cases. Rabies continues to spread into new areas even though human cases have been declining steadily since 2007. To minimise infection at the transmission source and to realise the goal of eliminating dog-mediated human rabies by 2030, surveillance and control.
自20世纪90年代末以来，中华人民共和国（中国）一直报告全球第二多的人类狂犬病病例；在该国，狂犬病狗是人类和家畜狂犬病病例中狂犬病病毒（RABV）传播的主要来源。此外，据报道其他动物物种也会感染并传播该病毒。本文通过参考已发表的文章（中英文）和政府文件（指南、计划、通知和报告），概述了中国的动物狂犬病情况，这些文献总结了狗、家畜、鼬獾、蝙蝠、犬科动物和啮齿动物中的狂犬病情况及其对该国公共卫生和畜牧业的威胁。此外，为了获得完整的系统发育情况，对在中国及其周边国家流行的代表性野外RABV毒株的完整核蛋白基因序列进行了系统发育分析，结果与之前的研究一致，表明中国的RABV具有广泛的遗传多样性，可分为三个主要分支、七个谱系和多个亚谱系。虽然中国在动物狂犬病流行病学方面取得了重大进展，但与报告的人类病例相比，动物病例仍被低估。尽管自2007年以来人类病例一直在稳步下降，但狂犬病仍在继续蔓延到新的地区。为了最大限度地减少传播源头的感染，并实现到2030年消除狗传播的人类狂犬病的目标，需要进行监测和控制。
