J Sport Rehabil. 2020 Mar 1;29(3):332-338. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0364. Epub 2019 Jun 6.
Recent data on exertional heat illness (EHI) in high school sports are limited yet warranted to identify specific settings with the highest risk of EHI. To describe the epidemiology of EHI in high school sports during the 2012/2013-2016/2017 academic years. Descriptive epidemiology study. Aggregate injury and exposure data collected from athletic trainers working in high school sports in the United States. High school athletes during the 2012/2013-2016/2017 academic years. High School Reporting Information Online surveillance system data from the 2012/2013-2016/2017 academic years were analyzed. EHI counts, rates per 10,000 athlete exposures (AEs), and distributions were examined by sport, event type, and US census region. EHI management strategies provided by athletic trainers were analyzed. Injury rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) compared EHI rates. Overall, 300 EHIs were reported for an overall rate of 0.13/10,000 AE (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.14). Of these, 44.3% occurred in American football preseason practices; 20.7% occurred in American football preseason practices with a registered air temperature ≥90°F and ≥1 hour into practice. The EHI rate was higher in American football than all other sports (0.52 vs 0.04/10,000 AE; injury rate ratio = 11.87; 95% CI, 9.22 to 15.27). However, girls' cross-country had the highest competition EHI rate (1.18/10,000 AE). The EHI rate was higher in the South US census region than all other US census regions (0.23 vs 0.08/10,000 AE; injury rate ratio = 2.96; 95% CI, 2.35 to 3.74). Common EHI management strategies included having medical staff on-site at the onset of EHI (92.7%), removing athlete from play (85.0%), and giving athlete fluids via the mouth (77.7%). American football continues to have the highest overall EHI rate although the high competition EHI rate in girls' cross-country merits additional examination. Regional differences in EHI incidence, coupled with sport-specific variations in management, may highlight the need for region- and sport-specific EHI prevention guidelines.
最近有关高中体育运动中费力型热疾病（EHI）的数据有限，但有必要确定 EHI 风险最高的特定环境。描述 2012/2013 学年至 2016/2017 学年期间高中体育运动中 EHI 的流行病学情况。描述性流行病学研究。从美国高中体育运动中工作的运动训练员那里收集的综合伤害和暴露数据。2012/2013 学年至 2016/2017 学年期间的高中运动员。美国高中报告信息在线监测系统 2012/2013 学年至 2016/2017 学年的数据进行了分析。通过运动、事件类型和美国人口普查区域检查 EHI 计数、每 10000 名运动员暴露（AE）的发生率（率）和分布情况。分析了运动训练员提供的 EHI 管理策略。使用 95%置信区间（CI）的伤害率比值比较了 EHI 率。总体而言，报告了 300 例 EHI，总体发生率为 0.13/10000AE（95%CI，0.11 至 0.14）。其中，44.3%发生在美式足球季前赛练习中；20.7%发生在美式足球季前赛练习中，注册空气温度≥90°F 且练习时间≥1 小时。EHI 发生率在美式足球中高于所有其他运动（0.52 比 0.04/10000AE；伤害率比值=11.87；95%CI，9.22 至 15.27）。但是，女子越野赛的比赛 EHI 发生率最高（1.18/10000AE）。美国南部人口普查区的 EHI 发生率高于所有其他美国人口普查区（0.23 比 0.08/10000AE；伤害率比值=2.96；95%CI，2.35 至 3.74）。常见的 EHI 管理策略包括在 EHI 发作时在现场配备医务人员（92.7%）、让运动员离开比赛（85.0%）和通过口腔给运动员补液（77.7%）。尽管女子越野赛的高比赛 EHI 率值得进一步研究，但美式足球的总体 EHI 发生率仍然最高。EHI 发生率的区域差异，加上运动的具体管理差异，可能突出表明需要制定针对区域和运动的 EHI 预防指南。
