Yeargin Susan W, Kerr Zachary Y, Casa Douglas J, Djoko Aristarque, Hayden Ross, Parsons John T, Dompier Thomas P
1Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; 2Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN; 3Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT; and 4National Collegiate Athletic Association Sport Science Institute, Indianapolis, IN.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016 Aug;48(8):1523-9. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000934.
Data on exertional heat illness (EHI) in youth football are limited and have not been compared across competition levels.
This study describes the epidemiology of EHI events in youth, high school (HS), and college football in the 2012-2014 seasons.
One hundred and eighteen youth teams (players age 5-14 yr), 96 HS programs (14-18 yr), and 34 college programs (18-23 yr) participated. During games and practices, athletic trainers recorded EHI events and athlete exposures (AE), defined as one athlete participating in one game/practice. We calculated the number of reported EHI by time in season, game/practice, and need for emergency transportation. EHI rates, risk, included rate ratios (IRR), and risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated in 2015.
EHI rates for youth, HS, and college football were 1.82, 0.57, and 1.67/10,000 AE, respectively. Rates were highest during the preseason (youth: 2.76; HS: 1.47; college: 3.66/10,000 AE). Game rates were higher than practice rates in youth (4.04 vs 1.22/10,000 AE; IRR = 3.31; 95% CI, 1.75-6.26) and college (4.42 vs 1.38/10,000 AE; IRR = 3.21; 95% CI, 2.00-5.16); the practice rate was higher than the game rate in HS (0.63 vs 0.27/10,000 AE; IRR = 2.33; 95% CI, 1.01-5.38). The EHI risk was higher in college (0.9%) than in youth (0.6%; RR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.06-2.37) and HS (0.5%; RR = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.43-2.81). Common EHI events included heat cramps (youth: 15.8%; HS: 28.6%; college: 45.6%), heat exhaustion (youth: 42.1%; HS: 32.9%; college: 20.0%), and dehydration (youth: 31.6%; HS: 28.6%; college: 28.9%).
EHI risk was low. Higher preseason football EHI rates across levels emphasize developing and continually modifying preseason heat acclimatization policies. Lower EHI rates in HS games and youth practices may be attributable to night events, suggesting the importance of modifying/canceling events based on environmental conditions.
青少年足球运动中运动性热疾病（EHI）的数据有限，且尚未在不同竞赛水平间进行比较。
本研究描述了2012 - 2014赛季青少年、高中（HS）和大学足球运动中EHI事件的流行病学情况。
118支青少年球队（球员年龄5 - 14岁）、96个高中项目（约14 - 18岁）和34个大学项目（约18 - 23岁）参与了研究。在比赛和训练期间，运动训练师记录EHI事件和运动员暴露情况（AE），运动员暴露情况定义为一名运动员参加一场比赛/一次训练。我们按赛季时间、比赛/训练以及紧急转运需求计算了报告的EHI数量。2015年计算了EHI发生率、风险，包括率比（IRR）和风险比（RR）以及95%置信区间（CI）。
青少年、高中和大学足球运动的EHI发生率分别为1.82、0.57和1.67/10000 AE。季前赛期间发生率最高（青少年：2.76；高中：1.47；大学：3.66/10000 AE）。青少年（4.04 vs 1.22/10000 AE；IRR = 3.31；95% CI，1.75 - 6.26）和大学（4.42 vs 1.38/10000 AE；IRR = 3.21；95% CI，2.00 - 5.16）的比赛发生率高于训练发生率；高中的训练发生率高于比赛发生率（0.63 vs 0.27/10000 AE；IRR = 2.33；95% CI，1.01 - 图5.38）。大学的EHI风险（0.9%）高于青少年（0.6%；RR = 1.59；95% CI，1.06 - 2.37）和高中（0.5%；RR = 2.01；95% CI，1.43 - 2.81）。常见的EHI事件包括热痉挛（青少年：15.8%；高中：28.6%；大学：45.6%）、热衰竭（青少年：42.1%；高中：32.9%；大学：20.0%）和脱水（青少年：31.6%；高中：28.6%；大学：28.9%）。
EHI风险较低。各级别足球运动季前赛较高的EHI发生率强调了制定并持续调整季前热适应政策的重要性。高中比赛和青少年训练中较低的EHI发生率可能归因于夜间赛事，这表明根据环境条件调整/取消赛事的重要性。
