a Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
b Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.
Subst Use Misuse. 2019;54(6):921-933. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1552299. Epub 2019 Feb 12.
Negative personality characteristics have been implicated in promoting overconsumption of both alcohol and food. Furthermore, positive motivations (enhancement) and negative motivations (coping) may mediate the association between personality and alcohol or food (over)consumption.
This study hypothesized that i.) drinking to cope and ii.) eating to cope would mediate the association between hopelessness/anxiety sensitivity and hazardous drinking/unhealthy snacking, respectively, and iii.) eating and drinking to cope would represent separate strategies.
Participants were recruited via opportunity sampling through university schemes, social media, email and web page advertisements. Questionnaires included the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Substance Use Risk Profile Scale, Modified Drinking Motives Questionnaire Short Form, Palatable Eating Motives Scale and Snack/Meal Food Intake Measure.
Participants were 198 undergraduates, weight-related research volunteers and the public (83% female; 90% university educated). The hypothesized structural model fit the data well. As predicted, there were significant indirect associations between negative personality characteristics, hazardous drinking and unhealthy snacking via coping; specifically, individuals higher in anxiety sensitivity/hopelessness used food or alcohol to cope which, in turn, significantly predicted unhealthy snacking, and hazardous drinking, respectively. Importantly, drinking and eating to cope represented outcome-specific strategies, indicated by no significant association between eating to cope and hazardous drinking, or between drinking to cope and snacking.
This study demonstrates that coping motivations are critical to the relationship between negative personality characteristics and unhealthy behaviors and highlights the distinct negative-reinforcement pathways associated with hazardous drinking and unhealthy snacking in majority university-educated females from the UK.
消极的人格特征与过度饮酒和进食有关。此外，积极的动机（增强）和消极的动机（应对）可能在人格与酒精或食物（过度）消费之间的关系中起中介作用。
本研究假设，i）应对性饮酒和 ii）应对性进食分别在绝望/焦虑敏感与危险饮酒/不健康零食消费之间的关系中起中介作用，以及 iii）应对性进食和应对性饮酒代表两种不同的策略。
通过大学计划、社交媒体、电子邮件和网页广告，通过机会抽样招募参与者。调查问卷包括酒精使用障碍识别测试、物质使用风险状况量表、改良的饮酒动机问卷短表、美味饮食动机量表和零食/餐食摄入量量表。
参与者为 198 名本科生、体重相关研究志愿者和公众（83%为女性；90%受过大学教育）。假设的结构模型很好地拟合了数据。如预测的那样，通过应对策略，消极人格特征、危险饮酒和不健康零食消费之间存在显著的间接关联；具体来说，焦虑敏感/绝望程度较高的个体使用食物或酒精来应对，这反过来又显著预测了不健康的零食消费和危险饮酒。重要的是，应对性进食和应对性饮酒代表特定结果的策略，应对性进食与危险饮酒之间，以及应对性饮酒与零食之间没有显著关联。
本研究表明，应对动机是消极人格特征与不健康行为之间关系的关键，并强调了与英国大多数受过大学教育的女性的危险饮酒和不健康零食消费相关的独特的负强化途径。
