Immunization Safety Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Greorgia.
Department of Pharmacy Services, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Aug 1;69(4):726-731. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz135.
Concerns about vaccine safety can lead to decreased acceptance of vaccines and resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases. We summarize the key evidence on some of the main current vaccine safety controversies in the United States, including (1) measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and autism; (2) thimerosal, a mercury-based vaccine preservative and the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders; (3) vaccine-induced Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS); (4) vaccine-induced autoimmune diseases; (5) safety of human papillomavirus vaccine; (6) aluminum adjuvant-induced autoimmune diseases and other disorders; and (7) too many vaccines given early in life predisposing children to health and developmental problems. A possible small increased risk of GBS following influenza vaccination has been identified, but the magnitude of the increase is less than the risk of GBS following influenza infection. Otherwise, the biological and epidemiologic evidence does not support any of the reviewed vaccine safety concerns.
对疫苗安全性的担忧可能导致疫苗接种率下降，从而使可预防疾病死灰复燃。我们总结了美国目前一些主要疫苗安全争议的关键证据，包括（1）麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗与自闭症；（2）含汞疫苗防腐剂硫柳汞与神经发育障碍风险；（3）疫苗诱发的格林-巴利综合征；（4）疫苗诱发的自身免疫性疾病；（5）人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的安全性；（6）铝佐剂诱发的自身免疫性疾病和其他疾病；（7）儿童在生命早期接种过多疫苗可能导致健康和发育问题。虽然接种流感疫苗后格林-巴利综合征的风险可能略有增加，但增加幅度小于流感感染后发生格林-巴利综合征的风险。除此之外，生物学和流行病学证据均不支持上述任何疫苗安全性担忧。
