Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Social. Facultad de Medicina. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá.
Program in Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
Health Promot Int. 2020 Apr 1;35(2):196-204. doi: 10.1093/heapro/day117.
To conduct a systematic review examining the associations between neighborhood environments and self-rated health (SRH) and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) in the urban context of Latin America. We conducted a structured search of quantitative studies in three bibliographic databases published in Spanish, English, Portuguese and French from January 1990 to December 2015. We restricted the search to studies conducted in Latin-American cities with one million and more inhabitants. Eleven studies were finally included in the analysis. Ten were cross-sectional studies and one was a cohort follow-up study. Two studies found positive associations between accessibility to parks and HR-QOL. One study found that high neighborhood social capital was positively associated with SRH. Neighborhood socioeconomic status was positively associated with both HR-QOL and SRH in two studies. A walkable neighborhood was positively associated with SRH in two studies. Three studies included attributes related with neighborhood security perception and road safety, with higher scores of HR-QOL, both in the physical and mental dimensions, while high levels of street noise were negatively associated. Narrowness and slope of streets were negatively associated with SRH. No association was found between the perception of neighborhood security and SRH. The results of this systematic review show that several studies conducted in Latin America have found significant associations between neighborhood environment and SRH and HRQOL. However, the relatively small number of studies and the heterogeneity among them require further studies to better understand this topic in the region.
为了在拉丁美洲城市环境中进行系统评价，检查邻里环境与自我评估健康（SRH）和健康相关生活质量（HR-QOL）之间的关联。我们在西班牙语、英语、葡萄牙语和法语的三个文献数据库中进行了结构化搜索，检索时间为 1990 年 1 月至 2015 年 12 月。我们将搜索范围限制在有 100 万及以上居民的拉丁美洲城市进行的研究。最终有 11 项研究被纳入分析。其中 10 项为横断面研究，1 项为队列随访研究。有两项研究发现，公园可达性与 HR-QOL 之间存在正相关关系。有一项研究发现，邻里社会资本水平高与 SRH 呈正相关。有两项研究发现，邻里社会经济地位与 HR-QOL 和 SRH 均呈正相关。有两项研究发现，步行友好的邻里环境与 SRH 呈正相关。有三项研究纳入了与邻里安全感知和道路安全相关的属性，在身体和心理维度上都有更高的 HR-QOL 评分，而街道噪音水平高则与之呈负相关。街道的狭窄和坡度与 SRH 呈负相关。邻里安全感知与 SRH 之间没有关联。本系统评价的结果表明，在拉丁美洲进行的几项研究发现，邻里环境与 SRH 和 HRQOL 之间存在显著关联。然而，由于研究数量相对较少且存在异质性，需要进一步研究以更好地了解该地区的这一主题。
