Institute for Urban Public Health, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45130 Essen, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 3;19(9):5553. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095553.
Health is created within the urban settings of people's everyday lives. In this paper we define Urban Public Health and compile existing evidence regarding the spatial component of health and disease in urban environments. Although there is already a substantial body of single evidence on the links between urban environments and human health, focus is mostly on individual health behaviors. We look at Urban Public Health through a structural lens that addresses health conditions beyond individual health behaviors and identify not only health risks but also health resources associated with urban structures. Based on existing conceptual frameworks, we structured evidence in the following categories: (i) build and natural environment, (ii) social environment, (iii) governance and urban development. We focused our search to review articles and reviews of reviews for each of the keywords via database PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar in order to cover the range of issues in urban environments. Our results show that linking findings from different disciplines and developing spatial thinking can overcome existing single evidence and make other correlations visible. Further research should use interdisciplinary approaches and focus on health resources and the transformation of urban structures rather than merely on health risks and behavior.
健康是在人们日常生活的城市环境中创造的。在本文中，我们定义了城市公共卫生，并汇编了现有关于城市环境中健康和疾病的空间组成部分的证据。尽管已经有大量关于城市环境与人类健康之间联系的单一证据，但重点大多放在个人健康行为上。我们从结构的角度来看待城市公共卫生，该角度涉及超越个人健康行为的健康状况，并不仅确定与城市结构相关的健康风险，还确定健康资源。基于现有的概念框架，我们将证据分为以下几类：（i）建筑和自然环境，（ii）社会环境，（iii）治理和城市发展。我们通过数据库 PubMed、Cochrane 和 Google Scholar 搜索了每个关键词的文章和综述评论，以涵盖城市环境中的各种问题，从而聚焦搜索。我们的结果表明，将不同学科的发现联系起来并发展空间思维可以克服现有的单一证据，并使其他相关性变得可见。进一步的研究应该采用跨学科的方法，并关注健康资源和城市结构的转变，而不仅仅是健康风险和行为。
