Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 212 Adriance Lab Road, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place # 97266, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Feb 25;653:1042-1051. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.411. Epub 2018 Nov 3.
Global production of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) continues to increase due to the demand of enabling properties in consumer products and industrial applications. Release of individual or aggregates of ENPs have been shown to interact with one another subsequently resulting in adverse biological effects. This review focuses on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are currently used in numerous applications, including but not limited to antibacterial action. Consequently, the release of AgNPs into the aquatic environment, the dissociation into ions, the binding to organic matter, reactions with other metal-based materials, and disruption of normal biological and ecological processes at the cellular level are all potential negative effects of AgNPs usage. The potential sources of AgNPs includes leaching of intact particles from consumer products, disposal of waste from industrial processes, intentional release into contaminated waters, and the natural formation of AgNPs in surface and ground water. Formation of natural AgNPs is greatly influenced by different chemical parameters including: pH, oxygen levels, and the presence of organic matter, which results in AgNPs that are stable for several months. Both engineered and natural AgNPs can interact with metal and metal oxide particles/nanoparticles. However, information on the chemical and toxicological interactions between AgNPs and other nanoparticles is limited. We have presented current knowledge on the interactions of AgNPs with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs). The interaction between AgNPs and AuNPs result in stable bimetallic Ag-Au alloy NPs. Whereas the interaction of AgNPs with TiO NPs under dark and light conditions results in the release of Ag ions, which may be subsequently converted back into AgNPs and adsorb on TiO NPs. The potential chemical mechanisms and toxic effects of AgNPs with AuNPs and TiO NPs are discussed within this review and show that further investigation is warranted.
由于消费产品和工业应用对其功能的需求，全球工程纳米粒子（ENPs）的产量持续增加。已经证明，ENPs 的个体或聚集体的释放会相互作用，从而导致不良的生物效应。本综述重点介绍了银纳米粒子（AgNPs），它们目前被广泛应用于许多领域，包括但不限于抗菌作用。因此，AgNPs 释放到水环境中、解离成离子、与有机物结合、与其他基于金属的材料反应以及在细胞水平上破坏正常的生物和生态过程，都是 AgNPs 使用的潜在负面影响。AgNPs 的潜在来源包括消费产品中完整颗粒的浸出、工业过程废物的处理、故意释放到受污染的水中，以及地表水和地下水中天然形成的 AgNPs。天然 AgNPs 的形成受不同化学参数的极大影响，包括 pH 值、氧水平和有机物的存在，这导致 AgNPs 在几个月内稳定存在。工程和天然 AgNPs 都可以与金属和金属氧化物颗粒/纳米颗粒相互作用。然而，关于 AgNPs 与其他纳米颗粒之间的化学和毒理学相互作用的信息有限。我们介绍了当前关于 AgNPs 与金纳米粒子（AuNPs）和二氧化钛纳米粒子（TiO NPs）相互作用的知识。AgNPs 与 AuNPs 的相互作用导致稳定的双金属 Ag-Au 合金 NPs。而在黑暗和光照条件下，AgNPs 与 TiO NPs 的相互作用导致 Ag 离子的释放，这些 Ag 离子可能随后被还原回 AgNPs 并吸附在 TiO NPs 上。本文综述了 AgNPs 与 AuNPs 和 TiO NPs 相互作用的潜在化学机制和毒理效应，并表明需要进一步研究。
