School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
J Virol. 2019 Apr 17;93(9). doi: 10.1128/JVI.02277-18. Print 2019 May 1.
The complete genome sequence of an RNA virus was assembled from RNA sequencing of virus particles purified from threespine stickleback intestine tissue samples. This new virus is most closely related to the Eel picornavirus and can be assigned to the genus in the family Its unique genetic properties are enough to establish a new species, dubbed the Threespine Stickleback picornavirus (TSPV). Due to their broad geographic distribution throughout the Northern Hemisphere and parallel adaptation to freshwater, threespine sticklebacks have become a model in evolutionary ecology. Further analysis using diagnostic PCRs revealed that TSPV is highly prevalent in both anadromous and freshwater populations of threespine sticklebacks, infects almost all fish tissues, and is transmitted vertically to offspring obtained from fertilization in laboratory settings. Finally, TSPV was found in Sequence Reads Archives of transcriptome of , further demonstrating its wide distribution and unsought prevalence in samples. It is thus necessary to test the impact of TSPV on the biology of threespine sticklebacks, as this widespread virus could interfere with the behavioral, physiological, or immunological studies that employ this fish as a model system. The threespine stickleback species complex is an important model system in ecological and evolutionary studies because of the large number of isolated divergent populations that are experimentally tractable. For similar reasons, its coevolution with the cestode parasite , its interaction with gut microbes, and the evolution of its immune system are of growing interest. Herein we describe the discovery of an RNA virus that infects both freshwater and anadromous populations of sticklebacks. We show that the virus is transmitted vertically in laboratory settings and found it in Sequence Reads Archives, suggesting that experiments using sticklebacks were conducted in the presence of the virus. This discovery can serve as a reminder that the presence of viruses in wild-caught animals is possible, even when animals appear healthy. Regarding threespine sticklebacks, the impact of Threespine Stickleback picornavirus (TSPV) on the fish biology should be investigated further to ensure that it does not interfere with experimental results.
从从三刺鱼肠道组织样本中纯化的病毒粒子的 RNA 测序中，组装了一种 RNA 病毒的完整基因组序列。这种新病毒与鳗鲡微小 RNA 病毒最为密切相关，可归属于细小 RNA 病毒科 的属。其独特的遗传特性足以建立一个新的物种，被命名为三刺鱼微小 RNA 病毒（TSPV）。由于三刺鱼在整个北半球广泛分布，并且适应了淡水环境，因此已成为进化生态学的一个模式生物。进一步使用诊断性 PCR 进行的分析表明，TSPV 在溯河洄游和淡水三刺鱼种群中普遍存在，感染几乎所有鱼类组织，并通过实验室环境中卵母细胞受精垂直传播给后代。最后，在转录组序列读取档案中发现了 TSPV，进一步证明了它在样本中的广泛分布和未被发现的流行程度。因此，有必要测试 TSPV 对三刺鱼生物学的影响，因为这种广泛存在的病毒可能会干扰使用这种鱼类作为模式系统进行的行为、生理或免疫学研究。三刺鱼种复合体是生态和进化研究中的一个重要模式系统，因为有大量可实验研究的孤立分化种群。出于类似的原因，它与绦虫寄生虫的共同进化、与肠道微生物的相互作用以及免疫系统的进化越来越受到关注。本文描述了一种感染淡水和溯河洄游三刺鱼种群的 RNA 病毒的发现。我们表明，该病毒在实验室环境中垂直传播，并在序列读取档案中发现了它，这表明在存在病毒的情况下进行了使用三刺鱼的实验。这一发现可以提醒人们，即使动物看起来健康，野生捕获动物体内也可能存在病毒。关于三刺鱼，应进一步研究三刺鱼微小 RNA 病毒（TSPV）对鱼类生物学的影响，以确保它不会干扰实验结果。
