Hitchcock Dakota R, Sherwood David E
Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
Int J Exerc Sci. 2018 Oct 1;11(1):1120-1135. doi: 10.70252/LEHC7031. eCollection 2018.
Research over the past 15 years or so has shown that an external focus on the effects of one's movements improves performance relative to an internal focus of attention on bodily actions. More recent research has attempted to discover how the focus of attention (FOA) influences underlying motor control processes by using kinematic and EMG measures. Research has shown that an external FOA reduces EMG activity and the co-contraction between agonist and antagonist muscle groups relative to an internal FOA. The primary goal of the current study was to determine how the FOA influences the acceleration pattern during dart throwing, providing a more complete kinematic description relative to earlier work. Twenty-four participants threw 24 darts in both an external focus condition, focusing on the flight of the dart, and an internal focus condition focusing on the elbow angle at dart release. Surface EMGs were recorded from the triceps and biceps muscles and acceleration was recorded in the X, Y, and Z axes. Accuracy was better with an external focus relative to an internal focus. There was greater acceleration in the Y and Z axes in the second half of the movement in the external focus condition relative to the internal focus condition. An external focus generated less co-contraction between muscle groups compared to the internal focus condition. Overall, the results showed that an internal FOA reduces movement efficiency relative to an external FOA.
过去15年左右的研究表明，相对于关注身体动作的内部注意力焦点，关注自身动作的外部效果能提高表现。最近的研究试图通过使用运动学和肌电图测量来发现注意力焦点（FOA）如何影响潜在的运动控制过程。研究表明，相对于内部FOA，外部FOA会降低肌电图活动以及主动肌和拮抗肌组之间的共同收缩。本研究的主要目的是确定FOA如何影响飞镖投掷过程中的加速度模式，相对于早期研究提供更完整的运动学描述。24名参与者在两种条件下各投掷24支飞镖，一种是外部焦点条件，即关注飞镖的飞行；另一种是内部焦点条件，即关注飞镖释放时的肘部角度。从肱三头肌和肱二头肌记录表面肌电图，并在X、Y和Z轴上记录加速度。相对于内部焦点，外部焦点的准确性更高。相对于内部焦点条件，在外部焦点条件下运动后半段Y轴和Z轴上有更大的加速度。与内部焦点条件相比，外部焦点在肌肉组之间产生的共同收缩更少。总体而言，结果表明相对于外部FOA，内部FOA会降低运动效率。
