Winkelman Nicklaas C, Clark Kenneth P, Ryan Larry J
Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, 122 E 1700 S, Provo, UT 84606, USA.
Southern Methodist University, 5538 Dyer St., Suite 105, Dallas, TX 75206, USA; West Chester University, 206 Sturzbecker Health Sciences Center, West Chester, PA 19383, USA.
Hum Mov Sci. 2017 Apr;52:84-95. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.01.012. Epub 2017 Feb 6.
Two experiments evaluated the influence of attentional focus on 10-meter sprint time and start kinetics in a group of collegiate soccer players and highly experienced sprinters. In Experiment 1, the collegiate soccer players were asked to perform 10-meter sprints under an external focus condition, an internal focus condition and a control condition. For the 10-meter sprint time, the results showed that both the external focus and control conditions resulted in significantly faster sprint times than the internal focus condition. There were no significant differences observed between the external focus and control conditions. There were also no significant differences observed across any of the conditions for a select set of kinetic variables. In Experiment 2, the highly experienced sprinters performed the same 10-meter sprint task using the same instructional conditions as in Experiment 1. For the 10-meter sprint time and kinetic variables, there were no significant differences observed across any of the conditions. These results provide new evidence that experience level mediates the influence of attentional focus on sprint performance.
两项实验评估了注意力焦点对一组大学足球运动员和经验丰富的短跑运动员10米冲刺时间和起跑动力学的影响。在实验1中，要求大学足球运动员在外部焦点条件、内部焦点条件和控制条件下进行10米冲刺。对于10米冲刺时间，结果表明，外部焦点条件和控制条件下的冲刺时间均显著快于内部焦点条件。外部焦点条件和控制条件之间未观察到显著差异。对于一组选定的动力学变量，在任何条件下也未观察到显著差异。在实验2中，经验丰富的短跑运动员使用与实验1相同的指导条件执行相同的10米冲刺任务。对于10米冲刺时间和动力学变量，在任何条件下均未观察到显著差异。这些结果提供了新的证据，表明经验水平介导了注意力焦点对短跑表现的影响。
