Gillen Zachary M, Shoemaker Marni E, McKay Brianna D, Cramer Joel T
Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
Int J Exerc Sci. 2019 Jan 1;12(6):256-262. doi: 10.70252/TNYF3746. eCollection 2019.
This study compared athletic performance differences among high school American football combine participants originating from states of different population sizes. High school-aged American football players (n=7,214) who had participated in athletic performance combines between March 2015 and January 2016 were included in this analysis. Data included combine date and location, school state of origin, football position, class, height, weight, 10-, 20-, and 40-yd dash times, pro-agility, L-cone drill, vertical jump, broad jump, and power push-up. Participants were separated into high- (state population>10,000,000; HIGH; n=2,804), mid- (state population=5,000,000-9,999,999; MID; n=2,911), or low-population (state population<5,000,000; LOW; n=1,499) state of origin. Data were allometrically scaled to account for differences in body mass across high school grade levels and American football positions. All statistical analyses were performed on the allometrically scaled data. LOW athletes performed better than HIGH athletes in the 20-yd dash (p≤0.01). LOW athletes performed better than HIGH and MID in the 40-yd dash, pro-agility, broad jump, and power push-up (p<0.01). LOW and HIGH athletes performed better than MID in the L-cone and vertical jump (p<0.01). When considering population size, athletes originating from LOW states may demonstrate higher levels of athletic performance in football combine events hypothetically due to more opportunities for sports participation and playing time, leading to greater athletic development. Youth and high school coaches in MID and HIGH states might consider providing more opportunities for playing and individualized coaching to encourage long-term athletic development.
本研究比较了来自不同人口规模州的美国高中橄榄球综合测试参与者之间的运动表现差异。本分析纳入了2015年3月至2016年1月期间参加过运动表现综合测试的高中年龄段美国橄榄球运动员（n = 7214）。数据包括综合测试日期和地点、运动员的原籍州、橄榄球位置、年级、身高、体重、10码、20码和40码短跑时间、敏捷性测试、L型圆锥测试、垂直跳、立定跳远和俯卧撑力量测试。参与者按原籍州分为高人口州（州人口>1000万；HIGH；n = 2804）、中等人口州（州人口=500万 - 999.9999万；MID；n = 2911）或低人口州（州人口<500万；LOW；n = 1499）。对数据进行了异速生长比例缩放，以考虑高中各年级和橄榄球位置之间的体重差异。所有统计分析均基于异速生长比例缩放后的数据进行。在20码短跑中，LOW组运动员的表现优于HIGH组运动员（p≤0.01）。在40码短跑、敏捷性测试、立定跳远和俯卧撑力量测试中，LOW组运动员的表现优于HIGH组和MID组（p<0.01）。在L型圆锥测试和垂直跳中，LOW组和HIGH组运动员的表现优于MID组（p<0.01）。考虑到人口规模，来自低人口州的运动员在橄榄球综合测试项目中可能表现出更高的运动水平，推测原因是有更多的运动参与机会和上场时间，从而促进了更好的运动发展。中等人口州和高人口州的青少年及高中教练可能需要考虑提供更多的上场机会和个性化指导，以促进长期的运动发展。
