Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Physiotherapy, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Jan;26(1):226-31. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31821d5e1b.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the athletic skills measured at the National Football League (NFL) combine. The combine comprises the following tests: 36.6-m sprint with split times at 9.1 and 18.3 m, vertical and horizontal jumps, 18.3-m shuttle run, 3-cone drill, and 102.1-kg bench press. Draftees to the NFL who participated in the annual combine from 2005 to 2009 were included in the study (n = 1,136). Pearson's (r) correlations were calculated to determine the relationships between the tests, and coefficients of determination (r) were used to determine common variance. The 9.1-, 18.3-, and 36.6-m sprint times are nearly perfectly correlated (r ranges from 0.900 to 0.967) as are the change-of-direction ability tests, 18.3-m shuttle run, and 3-cone drill (r = 0.948), suggesting similar skills are being measured. Performance in both jumping tasks is more strongly associated with longer sprint distances, suggesting mechanisms such as the stretch-shortening cycle may be more important at maximal, or near-maximal, speeds. The correlations between change-of-direction ability and sprinting and jumping are generally much weaker (r ranges from 0.250 to -0.653), suggesting less association and independent motor skills. Although not particularly large correlation coefficients, bench press performance is positively correlated with outcomes in all running drills and inversely correlated with jump abilities, suggesting that in the observed cohort, upper body strength may be of little benefit to these tasks. Incorporation of a nonacceleration influenced (i.e., moving start) measure of maximal speed may be preferred if the intention of a test battery is to measure independent motor skills. Further, when constructing test batteries, either the 18.3-m shuttle or 3-cone drill is likely sufficient as a measure of change-of-direction ability. Test batteries should be constructed to measure independent motor skills.
本研究旨在探讨美国国家橄榄球联盟（NFL）综合体能测试中所测运动技能之间的关系。综合体能测试包括以下项目：36.6 米短跑，分为 9.1 米和 18.3 米两个分段时间；垂直和水平跳跃；18.3 米折返跑；3 号锥桶变向跑；102.1 公斤卧推。2005 年至 2009 年参加年度综合体能测试的 NFL 选秀球员被纳入研究（n=1136）。采用皮尔逊（r）相关系数来确定各测试之间的关系，并用决定系数（r）来确定共同方差。9.1 米、18.3 米和 36.6 米短跑时间的相关性非常高（r 范围从 0.900 到 0.967），变向能力测试、18.3 米折返跑和 3 号锥桶变向跑也有很高的相关性（r=0.948），这表明在测量类似的技能。两项跳跃测试与较长的短跑距离的相关性更强，这表明在最大或接近最大速度下，伸展-缩短循环等机制可能更为重要。变向能力与短跑和跳跃的相关性一般较弱（r 范围从 0.250 到-0.653），这表明相关性较低，运动技能相对独立。虽然相关系数不是特别大，但卧推成绩与所有跑步测试项目的结果呈正相关，与跳跃能力呈负相关，这表明在观察到的队列中，上半身力量对这些任务可能没有什么帮助。如果测试组合的目的是测量独立的运动技能，那么可能更倾向于采用不受加速影响（即，启动移动）的最大速度测量。此外，在构建测试组合时，18.3 米折返跑或 3 号锥桶变向跑可能足以作为变向能力的衡量指标。测试组合应构建为测量独立的运动技能。
